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Evolving Epidemiology of Reported Giardiasis Cases in the United States, 1995–2016

Abstract Background Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease of humans identified in the United States (US) and an important waterborne disease. In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our object...

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Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 2021-03, Vol.72 (5), p.764-770
Main Authors: Coffey, Cushla M, Collier, Sarah A, Gleason, Michelle E, Yoder, Jonathan S, Kirk, Martyn D, Richardson, Alice M, Fullerton, Kathleen E, Benedict, Katharine M
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c412t-a2bc82ec55bc4f5b7620e711d50ddfee2d78652d2ee3adabf7def0625cf4cbd63
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container_issue 5
container_start_page 764
container_title Clinical infectious diseases
container_volume 72
creator Coffey, Cushla M
Collier, Sarah A
Gleason, Michelle E
Yoder, Jonathan S
Kirk, Martyn D
Richardson, Alice M
Fullerton, Kathleen E
Benedict, Katharine M
description Abstract Background Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease of humans identified in the United States (US) and an important waterborne disease. In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of US giardiasis cases from 1995 through 2016 using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data. Methods Negative binomial regression models were used to compare incidence rates by age group (0–4, 5–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–64, and ≥ 65 years) during 3 time periods (1995–2001, 2002–2010, and 2011–2016). Results During 1995–2016, the average number of reported cases was 19 781 per year (range, 14 623–27 778 cases). The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased across all age groups. This decrease differs by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods (eg, changes to case definitions or reporting practices) or changes in exposure. Incidence rates in males and older age groups did not decrease to the same extent as rates in females and children. Conclusions Trends suggest that differences in exposures by sex and age group are important to the epidemiology of giardiasis. Further investigation into the risk factors of populations with higher rates of giardiasis will support prevention and control efforts. The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased. This study found that decreases differ by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods or changes in exposure.
doi_str_mv 10.1093/cid/ciaa128
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In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of US giardiasis cases from 1995 through 2016 using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data. Methods Negative binomial regression models were used to compare incidence rates by age group (0–4, 5–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–64, and ≥ 65 years) during 3 time periods (1995–2001, 2002–2010, and 2011–2016). Results During 1995–2016, the average number of reported cases was 19 781 per year (range, 14 623–27 778 cases). The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased across all age groups. This decrease differs by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods (eg, changes to case definitions or reporting practices) or changes in exposure. Incidence rates in males and older age groups did not decrease to the same extent as rates in females and children. Conclusions Trends suggest that differences in exposures by sex and age group are important to the epidemiology of giardiasis. Further investigation into the risk factors of populations with higher rates of giardiasis will support prevention and control efforts. The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased. 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In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of US giardiasis cases from 1995 through 2016 using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data. Methods Negative binomial regression models were used to compare incidence rates by age group (0–4, 5–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–64, and ≥ 65 years) during 3 time periods (1995–2001, 2002–2010, and 2011–2016). Results During 1995–2016, the average number of reported cases was 19 781 per year (range, 14 623–27 778 cases). The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased across all age groups. This decrease differs by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods (eg, changes to case definitions or reporting practices) or changes in exposure. Incidence rates in males and older age groups did not decrease to the same extent as rates in females and children. Conclusions Trends suggest that differences in exposures by sex and age group are important to the epidemiology of giardiasis. Further investigation into the risk factors of populations with higher rates of giardiasis will support prevention and control efforts. The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased. 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In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of US giardiasis cases from 1995 through 2016 using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data. Methods Negative binomial regression models were used to compare incidence rates by age group (0–4, 5–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–64, and ≥ 65 years) during 3 time periods (1995–2001, 2002–2010, and 2011–2016). Results During 1995–2016, the average number of reported cases was 19 781 per year (range, 14 623–27 778 cases). The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased across all age groups. This decrease differs by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods (eg, changes to case definitions or reporting practices) or changes in exposure. Incidence rates in males and older age groups did not decrease to the same extent as rates in females and children. Conclusions Trends suggest that differences in exposures by sex and age group are important to the epidemiology of giardiasis. Further investigation into the risk factors of populations with higher rates of giardiasis will support prevention and control efforts. The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased. This study found that decreases differ by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods or changes in exposure.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>32047932</pmid><doi>10.1093/cid/ciaa128</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-5327</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Aged
Child
Female
Giardiasis - epidemiology
Humans
Incidence
Infant
Male
Models, Statistical
Population Surveillance
Risk Factors
United States - epidemiology
title Evolving Epidemiology of Reported Giardiasis Cases in the United States, 1995–2016
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