Influence of Type and Concentration of Biopolymer on β-Carotene Encapsulation Efficiency in Nanoemulsions Based on Linseed Oil

Many lipophilic active substances, such as β-carotene, are sensitive to chemical oxidation. A strategy to protect these ingredients is encapsulation using nanoemulsions. This work analyzes the relationship between the physical stability and encapsulation efficiency of nanoemulsions based on linseed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2022-10, Vol.14 (21), p.4640
Main Authors: Santos, Jenifer, Trujillo-Cayado, Luis A., Barquero, Marina, Calero, Nuria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biopolymers
Carotene
Carotenoids
Depletion
Efficiency
Encapsulation
Equilibrium flow
Food products
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Guar
Guar gum
Ingredients
Linseed oil
Nanoemulsions
Oxidation
Polymerization
Polysaccharides
Rheology
Shear tests
Stability analysis
Surfactants
Viscosity
Xanthan
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Summary:Many lipophilic active substances, such as β-carotene, are sensitive to chemical oxidation. A strategy to protect these ingredients is encapsulation using nanoemulsions. This work analyzes the relationship between the physical stability and encapsulation efficiency of nanoemulsions based on linseed oil. The role of two different polysaccharides, Advanced Performance xanthan gum (APXG) or guar gum (GG) as stabilizers at different concentrations were studied to reach the required physical stability of these systems. This was investigated by means of droplet size distributions, steady-state flow curves, small amplitude oscillatory shear tests, multiple light scattering, and electronic microscopy. The overall results obtained reveal a depletion flocculation mechanism in all the APXG nanoemulsions, regardless of the concentration, and above 0.3 wt.% for GG nanoemulsions. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that enhanced physical stability is directly related to higher values of encapsulation efficiency. Thus, the nanoemulsion formulated with 0.2 wt.% GG, which presented the lowest creaming degree conditioned by depletion flocculation, showed a relative β-carotene concentration even above 80% at 21 days of aging time. In conclusion, the adequate selection of polysaccharide type and its concentration is a key point for the application of stable nanoemulsions as vehicles for active ingredients.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym14214640