Examining Phenotypic Differences in Gaze Avoidance between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome

We examined potential phenotypic differences in eye gaze avoidance exhibited by boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). In Study 1, the Eye Contact Avoidance Scale (ECAS) was administered to caregivers of boys aged 7-18 years with FXS (n = 148), ASD (n = 168)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities 2022-11, Vol.127 (6), p.435-454
Main Authors: Wilkinson, Ellen H, Britton, Tobias C, Hall, Scott S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autism
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autistic children
Behavior
Behavior Modification
Behavior Patterns
Behavior Therapy
Boys
Caregivers
Child development
Children & youth
Communication
Communication Skills
Developmental Disabilities
Environmental Influences
Exhibits
Eye contact
Eye fixation
Eye Movements
Females
Fixation, Ocular
Fragile X Syndrome
Genetic Disorders
Girls
Humans
Hypotheses
Intellectual disabilities
Interpersonal Relationship
Intervention
Male
Males
Nonverbal Communication
Program Effectiveness
Psychiatry
Psychological Patterns
Social Behavior
Social Development
Social interaction
Social Reinforcement
Social skills
Subsets
Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
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Summary:We examined potential phenotypic differences in eye gaze avoidance exhibited by boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). In Study 1, the Eye Contact Avoidance Scale (ECAS) was administered to caregivers of boys aged 7-18 years with FXS (n = 148), ASD (n = 168), and mixed developmental disabilities (MDD; n = 128). In Study 2, subsets of boys with FXS (n = 31) and boys with ASD (n = 25) received a brief behavioral treatment probe to improve eye contact. Results showed that boys with FXS obtained significantly higher scores on the ECAS compared to boys with ASD and MDD. Exposure to the brief behavioral treatment probe resulted in significant decreases in scores for boys with FXS, but not for boys with ASD.
ISSN:1944-7515
1944-7558
DOI:10.1352/1944-7558-127.6.435