Comparison of Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Various Solvent Extracts Obtained from Millettia speciosa Stem Powder

• Published in: BioMed research international 2022-11, Vol.2022, p.1-11
• Main Authors: Nasiruddin, Chen, Guangying, Li, Xiaobao, Minghui, Ji, Masood, Tariq, Safir, Waqas, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Numan, Muhammad, Khan, Arsalan, Zeeshan, Muhammad, Zeb, Shah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorbance; Acetic acid; Acids; Anticancer properties; Antitumor activity; Beans; Breast cancer; Cell viability; Chemical properties; Comparative analysis; Ethyl acetate; Flavonoids; Food; Gas chromatography; Health aspects; Herbal medicine; Legumes; Mass spectroscopy; Materia medica, Vegetable; Medicinal plants; Medicine; Millettia speciosa; Mimosaceae; Organic solvents; Palmitic acid; Petroleum ether; Pharmacology; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Polarity; Solvent extraction; Solvents; Stems; Sun screens; Variance analysis
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2022/2486979

Millettia speciosa is a plant extensively used as an important component in Chinese herbal medicine and food-based medicines. The present study was carried out to determine the total flavonoid content (TFC), volatile phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activities, i.e., antityrosinase, sunscreen, and anticancer activity, of different fractions of M. speciosa stem. Different organic solvents of increasing polarity, i.e., petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH), were used for extraction. The highest total flavonoid content, i.e., 48.30±0.90%, was reported for PE extract. Various important phytocomponents were revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Based on abundance, the major compounds were n-hexadecanoic acid (16.654%), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.808%), and beta-sitosterol (6.298%) for PE, EtOAc, and MeOH extract, respectively. The significant antityrosinase activity, i.e., 70.97±0.66%, with an IC50 value of 4.58 mg/mL was noted for PE extract followed by EtOAc extract, i.e., 59.84±0.67%, with IC50 value of 6.10 mg/mL. The maximum sunscreen activity was reported for PE extract exhibiting the maximum absorbance value (0.633±0.06) in the ultraviolet (UV) region, i.e., UVC, while EtOAc extract showed the second highest level of absorbance in the UVB range, i.e., 0.632±0.07. The strongest anticancer activity (49.73±0.49% cell viability) towards MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was reported for PE extract with IC50 197.51 μg/mL. Our results confirmed the presence of potential therapeutic components for each extract with significant biological functions, showing the importance of the M. speciosa stem as a source of biomedicine. To our knowledge, this is the first report on M. speciosa stem extending comprehensive research about its phytochemical profile and various significant pharmacological activities.