Plasma Metabolite Profiles Associated with the Amount and Source of Meat and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research 2022-12, Vol.66 (23), p.e2200145-n/a
• Main Authors: García‐Gavilán, Jesús, Nishi, Stephanie K., Paz‐Graniel, Indira, Guasch‐Ferré, Marta, Razquin, Cristina, Clish, Clary B., Toledo, Estefanía, Ruiz‐Canela, Miguel, Corella, Dolores, Deik, Amy, Drouin‐Chartier, Jean‐Philippe, Wittenbecher, Clemens, Babio, Nancy, Estruch, Ramon, Ros, Emilio, Fitó, Montserrat, Arós, Fernando, Fiol, Miquel, Serra‐Majem, Lluís, Liang, Liming, Martínez‐González, Miguel A., Hu, Frank B., Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology; Diet; Fish; Fishes; Food consumption; Health risks; Meat; Meat - adverse effects; Metabolites; Metabolomics; PREDIMED; Red Meat; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200145

Scope Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective is to identify a metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish and examine if they are associated with T2D risk. Methods and results The discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial. The internal validation sample includes 1522 participants with available 1‐year follow‐up metabolomic data. Associations between metabolites and TM, RM, PRM, and fish are evaluated with elastic net regression. Associations between the profiles and incident T2D are estimated using Cox regressions. The profiles included 72 metabolites for TM, 69 for RM, 74 for PRM, and 66 for fish. After adjusting for T2D risk factors, only profiles of TM (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.49), RM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.52), and PRM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.51) are associated with T2D. Conclusions The consumption of TM, its subtypes, and fish is associated with different metabolites, some of which have been previously associated with T2D. Scores based on the identified metabolites for TM, RM, and PRM show a significant association with T2D risk. Meat has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite signatures associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The aim is to identify meat and fish metabolite signatures and examine if they are associated with T2D. Meat and fish are associated with sets of metabolites, but only meat‐related signatures are associated with T2D.