Duration of Behavioral Policy Interventions and Incidence of COVID-19 by Social Vulnerability of US Counties, April–December 2020

Objective: State-issued behavioral policy interventions (BPIs) can limit community spread of COVID-19, but their effects on COVID-19 transmission may vary by level of social vulnerability in the community. We examined the association between the duration of BPIs and the incidence of COVID-19 across...

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Published in:Public health reports (1974) 2023-01, Vol.138 (1), p.190-199
Main Authors: Kao, Szu-Yu Zoe, Sharpe, J. Danielle, Lane, Rashon I., Njai, Rashid, McCord, Russell F., Ajiboye, Aderonke S., Ladva, Chandresh N., Vo, Linda, Ekwueme, Donatus U.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coronaviruses
Counties
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
Disease control
Disease transmission
Humans
Incidence
Masks
Policy
Prevention
Protective equipment
Quartiles
Shelter in place
Social Vulnerability
United States - epidemiology
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container_title Public health reports (1974)
container_volume 138
creator Kao, Szu-Yu Zoe
Sharpe, J. Danielle
Lane, Rashon I.
Njai, Rashid
McCord, Russell F.
Ajiboye, Aderonke S.
Ladva, Chandresh N.
Vo, Linda
Ekwueme, Donatus U.
description Objective: State-issued behavioral policy interventions (BPIs) can limit community spread of COVID-19, but their effects on COVID-19 transmission may vary by level of social vulnerability in the community. We examined the association between the duration of BPIs and the incidence of COVID-19 across levels of social vulnerability in US counties. Methods: We used COVID-19 case counts from USAFacts and policy data on BPIs (face mask mandates, stay-at-home orders, gathering bans) in place from April through December 2020 and the 2018 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We conducted multilevel linear regression to estimate the associations between duration of each BPI and monthly incidence of COVID-19 (cases per 100 000 population) by SVI quartiles (grouped as low, moderate low, moderate high, and high social vulnerability) for 3141 US counties. Results: Having a BPI in place for longer durations (ie, ≥2 months) was associated with lower incidence of COVID-19 compared with having a BPI in place for
doi_str_mv 10.1177/00333549221125202
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Danielle ; Lane, Rashon I. ; Njai, Rashid ; McCord, Russell F. ; Ajiboye, Aderonke S. ; Ladva, Chandresh N. ; Vo, Linda ; Ekwueme, Donatus U.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kao, Szu-Yu Zoe ; Sharpe, J. Danielle ; Lane, Rashon I. ; Njai, Rashid ; McCord, Russell F. ; Ajiboye, Aderonke S. ; Ladva, Chandresh N. ; Vo, Linda ; Ekwueme, Donatus U.</creatorcontrib><description>Objective: State-issued behavioral policy interventions (BPIs) can limit community spread of COVID-19, but their effects on COVID-19 transmission may vary by level of social vulnerability in the community. We examined the association between the duration of BPIs and the incidence of COVID-19 across levels of social vulnerability in US counties. Methods: We used COVID-19 case counts from USAFacts and policy data on BPIs (face mask mandates, stay-at-home orders, gathering bans) in place from April through December 2020 and the 2018 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We conducted multilevel linear regression to estimate the associations between duration of each BPI and monthly incidence of COVID-19 (cases per 100 000 population) by SVI quartiles (grouped as low, moderate low, moderate high, and high social vulnerability) for 3141 US counties. Results: Having a BPI in place for longer durations (ie, ≥2 months) was associated with lower incidence of COVID-19 compared with having a BPI in place for &lt;1 month. Compared with having no BPI in place or a BPI in place for &lt;1 month, differences in marginal mean monthly incidence of COVID-19 per 100 000 population for a BPI in place for ≥2 months ranged from –4 cases in counties with low SVI to –401 cases in counties with high SVI for face mask mandates, from –31 cases in counties with low SVI to –208 cases in counties with high SVI for stay-at-home orders, and from –227 cases in counties with low SVI to –628 cases in counties with high SVI for gathering bans. Conclusions: Establishing COVID-19 prevention measures for longer durations may help reduce COVID-19 transmission, especially in communities with high levels of social vulnerability.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-3549</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2877</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/00333549221125202</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36200805</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Coronaviruses ; Counties ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - prevention &amp; control ; Disease control ; Disease transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Masks ; Policy ; Prevention ; Protective equipment ; Quartiles ; Shelter in place ; Social Vulnerability ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Public health reports (1974), 2023-01, Vol.138 (1), p.190-199</ispartof><rights>2022, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health</rights><rights>2022, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health 2022 US Surgeon General’s Office</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-6e993b736f05ebb9ab50cfa2560abb81cb3bfeef22a205991e11f7d1d4bca2283</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-6e993b736f05ebb9ab50cfa2560abb81cb3bfeef22a205991e11f7d1d4bca2283</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1898-6202 ; 0000-0002-4987-3983 ; 0000-0001-9425-915X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729715/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729715/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79364</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36200805$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kao, Szu-Yu Zoe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharpe, J. Danielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lane, Rashon I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Njai, Rashid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCord, Russell F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ajiboye, Aderonke S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ladva, Chandresh N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vo, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ekwueme, Donatus U.</creatorcontrib><title>Duration of Behavioral Policy Interventions and Incidence of COVID-19 by Social Vulnerability of US Counties, April–December 2020</title><title>Public health reports (1974)</title><addtitle>Public Health Rep</addtitle><description>Objective: State-issued behavioral policy interventions (BPIs) can limit community spread of COVID-19, but their effects on COVID-19 transmission may vary by level of social vulnerability in the community. We examined the association between the duration of BPIs and the incidence of COVID-19 across levels of social vulnerability in US counties. Methods: We used COVID-19 case counts from USAFacts and policy data on BPIs (face mask mandates, stay-at-home orders, gathering bans) in place from April through December 2020 and the 2018 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We conducted multilevel linear regression to estimate the associations between duration of each BPI and monthly incidence of COVID-19 (cases per 100 000 population) by SVI quartiles (grouped as low, moderate low, moderate high, and high social vulnerability) for 3141 US counties. Results: Having a BPI in place for longer durations (ie, ≥2 months) was associated with lower incidence of COVID-19 compared with having a BPI in place for &lt;1 month. Compared with having no BPI in place or a BPI in place for &lt;1 month, differences in marginal mean monthly incidence of COVID-19 per 100 000 population for a BPI in place for ≥2 months ranged from –4 cases in counties with low SVI to –401 cases in counties with high SVI for face mask mandates, from –31 cases in counties with low SVI to –208 cases in counties with high SVI for stay-at-home orders, and from –227 cases in counties with low SVI to –628 cases in counties with high SVI for gathering bans. 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Danielle</au><au>Lane, Rashon I.</au><au>Njai, Rashid</au><au>McCord, Russell F.</au><au>Ajiboye, Aderonke S.</au><au>Ladva, Chandresh N.</au><au>Vo, Linda</au><au>Ekwueme, Donatus U.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Duration of Behavioral Policy Interventions and Incidence of COVID-19 by Social Vulnerability of US Counties, April–December 2020</atitle><jtitle>Public health reports (1974)</jtitle><addtitle>Public Health Rep</addtitle><date>2023-01-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>138</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>190</spage><epage>199</epage><pages>190-199</pages><issn>0033-3549</issn><eissn>1468-2877</eissn><abstract>Objective: State-issued behavioral policy interventions (BPIs) can limit community spread of COVID-19, but their effects on COVID-19 transmission may vary by level of social vulnerability in the community. 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Compared with having no BPI in place or a BPI in place for &lt;1 month, differences in marginal mean monthly incidence of COVID-19 per 100 000 population for a BPI in place for ≥2 months ranged from –4 cases in counties with low SVI to –401 cases in counties with high SVI for face mask mandates, from –31 cases in counties with low SVI to –208 cases in counties with high SVI for stay-at-home orders, and from –227 cases in counties with low SVI to –628 cases in counties with high SVI for gathering bans. 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subjects Coronaviruses
Counties
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
COVID-19 - prevention & control
Disease control
Disease transmission
Humans
Incidence
Masks
Policy
Prevention
Protective equipment
Quartiles
Shelter in place
Social Vulnerability
United States - epidemiology
title Duration of Behavioral Policy Interventions and Incidence of COVID-19 by Social Vulnerability of US Counties, April–December 2020
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