Glycated Proteins, Glycine, Acetate, and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids May Act as New Biomarkers to Predict the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial

• Published in: Nutrients 2022-12, Vol.14 (23), p.5165
• Main Authors: Canet, Francisco, Christensen, Jacob J, Victor, Victor M, Hustad, Kristin S, Ottestad, Inger, Rundblad, Amanda, Sæther, Thomas, Dalen, Knut Tomas, Ulven, Stine M, Holven, Kirsten B, Telle-Hansen, Vibeke H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetates; Acetic acid; Amino acids; Animals; Biological markers; Biomarkers; Blood; Blood glucose; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Cholesterol; Development and progression; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fish Proteins; Gene expression; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; Glycated Proteins; Glycine; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Health aspects; Health risks; High density lipoprotein; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Intervention; Laboratories; Lifestyles; Lipoproteins; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolites; Metabolomics; Peptides; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Physiological aspects; Placebos; Plasma; Prognosis; Proteins; Quality control; Risk; Salmon; Subgroups; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetes; Unsaturated fatty acids
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14235165

Food protein or food-derived peptides may regulate blood glucose levels; however, studies have shown inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to characterize subgroups of individuals with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of fish protein in the same subgroups. We first divided participants into high insulin and low insulin subjects based on their insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC) levels after a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and secondly based on whether they had received 5.2 g salmon fish protein or placebo for 8 weeks, in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT). We then profiled these groups by analyzing plasma metabolomics and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression. Compared to the low insulin group, the high insulin group had higher plasma concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and glycated proteins (GlycA) and lower concentrations of glycine and acetate. After intervention with fish protein compared to placebo, however, only acetate was significantly increased in the low insulin group. In conclusion, we identified metabolic biomarkers known to be associated with T2D; also, intervention with fish protein did not affect cardiometabolic risk markers in subgroups with increased risk of T2D.