Liver Microenvironment Response to Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Hormonal Therapy

Prostate cancer-associated deaths arise from disease progression and metastasis. Metastasis to the liver is associated with the worst clinical outcomes for prostate cancer patients, and these metastatic tumors can be particularly resistant to the currently widely used chemotherapy and hormonal thera...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2022-12, Vol.14 (24), p.6189
Main Authors: Buxton, Alison K, Abbasova, Salma, Bevan, Charlotte L, Leach, Damien A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Androgen receptors
Androgens
Breast cancer
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Chemotherapy
Clinical outcomes
Health aspects
Hepatocytes
Hormone therapy
Liver
Liver cancer
Mesenchyme
Metabolism
Metastases
Metastasis
Methods
Microenvironments
Patient outcomes
Patients
Prostate cancer
Review
Testicular cancer
Tumors
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Summary:Prostate cancer-associated deaths arise from disease progression and metastasis. Metastasis to the liver is associated with the worst clinical outcomes for prostate cancer patients, and these metastatic tumors can be particularly resistant to the currently widely used chemotherapy and hormonal therapies, such as anti-androgens which block androgen synthesis or directly target the androgen receptor. The incidence of liver metastases is reportedly increasing, with a potential correlation with use of anti-androgen therapies. A key player in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic response is the microenvironment of the tumor(s). This is a dynamic and adaptive collection of cells and proteins, which impart signals and stimuli that can alter biological processes within prostate cancer cells. Investigation in the prostate primary site has demonstrated that cells of the microenvironment are also responsive to hormones and hormonal therapies. In this review, we collate information about what happens when cancer moves to the liver: the types of prostate cancer cells that metastasize there, the response of resident mesenchymal cells of the liver, and how the interactions between the cancer cells and the microenvironment may be altered by hormonal therapy.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers14246189