Breast Fluctuating Asymmetry in Women with Macromastia/Gigantomastia

A number of studies have reported breasts have high fluctuating asymmetry (FA:|Right-Left|), suggesting that they contain evolutionary and clinical information (e.g., high FA correlates with breast cancer risk). Here we focus on breast FA in women with a wide range of breast sizes, including partici...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-12, Vol.19 (24), p.16895
Main Authors: Kasielska-Trojan, Anna, Zawadzki, Tomasz, Antoszewski, Bogusław
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age
Asymmetry
Breast cancer
Correlation
Female
Health risks
Humans
Hypertrophy - surgery
Independent variables
Mammaplasty - methods
Mammography
Mastectomy
Middle Aged
Nipples - surgery
Symmetry
Womens health
Young Adult
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:A number of studies have reported breasts have high fluctuating asymmetry (FA:|Right-Left|), suggesting that they contain evolutionary and clinical information (e.g., high FA correlates with breast cancer risk). Here we focus on breast FA in women with a wide range of breast sizes, including participants with macromastia and/or gigantomastia. The sample included 65 women (mean age 33.97 ± 12.1 years). Thirty were randomly selected students and/or patients who regarded their breast size as small, normal or average and who had not undergone or intended to have any breast surgery. The remainder ( = 35) were qualified for breast reduction due to macromastia and/or gigantomastia. In all participants we measured/calculated weight, height and BMI, as well as took chest photographs. Breast volumes and nipple areola complex FAs were evaluated in a specifically-designed software. Breast size significantly positively correlated with breast volume FA in all women (t = 5.17, < 0.0001) and in women with macromastia/gigantomastia (t = 2.32, = 0.027). All nipple location FAs correlated positively with breast size. In women with different breast sizes, breast size correlates with FA calculated from breast volume and nipple location FAs. In women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia, breasts present higher FA than "normal" breasts. This observation may give a rationale for earlier and more frequent prophylactic breast imaging in women with macromastia and/or gigantomastia.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph192416895