Dental Composites with Magnesium Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prevent Secondary Caries in the Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Model

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-12, Vol.23 (24), p.15926
• Main Authors: Tanweer, Tahreem, Rana, Nosheen Fatima, Saleem, Iqra, Shafique, Iqra, Alshahrani, Sultan M, Almukhlifi, Hanadi A, Alotaibi, Amenah S, Alshareef, Sohad Abdulkaleg, Menaa, Farid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Alloxan; Anaerobic bacteria; Anaerobic conditions; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antibacterial activity; Antibacterial agents; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Biocompatibility; Biofilms; Composite materials; Compressive strength; Crystal lattices; Dental caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental materials; Dental restorative materials; Dentistry; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Infrared spectroscopy; Magnesium; Magnesium - pharmacology; Magnesium Oxide - pharmacology; Magnesium Oxide - therapeutic use; Mechanical properties; Metabolic disorders; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Particle size; Patients; Resins; Risk groups; Saliva; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Zinc; Zinc oxide; Zinc Oxide - chemistry; Zinc Oxide - pharmacology; Zinc oxides
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415926

Antibacterial restorative materials against caries-causing bacteria are highly preferred among high-risk patients, such as the elderly, and patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes. This study aimed to enhance the antibacterial potential of resin composite with Magnesium-doped Zinc oxide (Mg-doped ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and to look for their effectiveness in the alloxan-induced diabetic model. Hexagonal Mg-doped ZnO NPs (22.3 nm diameter) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized through ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The Mg-doped ZnO NPs (1, 2.5 and 5% w/w) were then evaluated for antibacterial activity using a closed system in vitro biofilm model. Significant enhancement in the antibacterial properties was observed in composites with 1% Mg-doped ZnO compared to composites with bare ZnO reinforced NPs (Streptococcus mutans, p = 0.0005; Enterococcus faecalis, p = 0.0074, Saliva microcosm, p < 0.0001; Diabetic Saliva microcosm, p < 0.0001). At 1−2.5% Mg-doped ZnO NPs concentration, compressive strength and biocompatibility of composites were not affected. The pH buffering effect was also achieved at these concentrations, hence not allowing optimal conditions for the anaerobic bacteria to grow. Furthermore, composites with Mg-doped ZnO prevented secondary caries formation in the secondary caries model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Therefore, Mg-doped ZnO NPs are highly recommended as an antibacterial agent for resin composites to avoid biofilm and subsequent secondary caries formation in high-risk patients.