Spotlight on Targeted Chemotherapy in Retinoblastoma: Safety, Efficacy, and Patient Outcomes

As the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, retinoblastoma (RB) has had a complex journey in its management, following a course from enucleation as the first life-saving treatment to numerous globe-salvaging therapies during the last century. Currently, this potentially lethal di...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:OncoTargets and therapy 2022-01, Vol.15, p.1545-1561
Main Authors: Naseripour, Masood, Mirshahi, Reza, Kasraei, Hengameh, Sedaghat, Ahad, Azimi, Fatemeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Chemotherapy
Children
Cytotoxicity
Developing countries
Drug dosages
Enucleation
Genome editing
LDCs
Malignancy
Medical prognosis
Mortality
Patient outcomes
Radiation therapy
Retinoblastoma
Review
Tumors
Veins & arteries
Vincristine
Vision
Vision disorders in children
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Summary:As the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood, retinoblastoma (RB) has had a complex journey in its management, following a course from enucleation as the first life-saving treatment to numerous globe-salvaging therapies during the last century. Currently, this potentially lethal disease has achieved high survival rates owing to multidisciplinary management and the introduction of neoadjuvant and multimodal chemotherapy. Therefore, the goal of treatment is shifting toward conserving the globe and vision as much as possible. Up until recently, many advanced cases of RB were enucleated primarily; however, targeted chemotherapy via the ophthalmic artery and management of intraocular seeding by local administration of chemotherapeutic agents have revolutionized the globe-conserving therapies. The added benefit of avoiding systemic complications of cytotoxic drugs resulted in these methods gaining popularity, and they are becoming a main part of care in many referral centers. Initially, there were some safety concerns regarding these approaches; however, increasing experience has shown that these modalities are relatively safe procedures and many complications can be averted by changing the choice of the drug and using some prophylactic measures. It is hoped that, in the near future, with advances in early diagnosis and patient-targeted molecular therapies, as well as gene-editing techniques, the patient's vision can be saved even in advanced RB.
ISSN:1178-6930
1178-6930
DOI:10.2147/OTT.S370878