The Role of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein in the Pathogenesis of H. pylori and Beyond: From a Virulence Factor to Therapeutic Targets and Therapeutic Agents

neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of , plays a role in bacterial protection and host inflammation. HP-NAP activates a variety of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, to induce their pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. This pro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-12, Vol.24 (1), p.91
Main Authors: Fu, Hua-Wen, Lai, Yu-Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Helicobacter Infections - metabolism
Helicobacter pylori
Humans
Inflammation - metabolism
Neutrophils - metabolism
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Review
Virulence Factors - metabolism
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Summary:neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of , plays a role in bacterial protection and host inflammation. HP-NAP activates a variety of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, to induce their pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. This protein also induces T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, supporting that HP-NAP is able to promote gastric inflammation by activation of adaptive immune responses. Thus, HP-NAP is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of -induced gastric inflammation. The inflammatory responses triggered by HP-NAP are mediated by a PTX-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor and Toll-like receptor 2. Drugs designed to block the interactions between HP-NAP and its receptors could alleviate the inflammation in gastric mucosa caused by infection. In addition, HP-NAP acts as a promising therapeutic agent for vaccine development, allergy treatment, and cancer immunotherapy. The high antigenicity of HP-NAP makes this protein a component of vaccines against infection. Due to its immunomodulatory activity to stimulate the Th1-inducing ability of dendritic cells, enhance Th1 immune response and CTL activity, and suppress Th2-mediated allergic responses, HP-NAP could also act as an adjuvant in vaccines, a drug candidate against allergic diseases, and an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer. This review highlights the role of HP-NAP in the pathogenesis of and the potential for this protein to be a therapeutic target in the treatment of infection and therapeutic agents against -associated diseases, allergies, and cancer.
ISSN:1422-0067
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24010091