Antimicrobial betalains

Betalains are nitrogen‐containing plant pigments that can be red‐violet (betacyanins) or yellow‐orange (betaxanthins), currently employed as natural colourants in the food and cosmetic sectors. Betalains exhibit antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microbes including multidrug‐resistan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied microbiology 2022-12, Vol.133 (6), p.3347-3367
Main Authors: Wijesinghe, Vindya Nilakshi, Choo, Wee Sim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use
antibacterial
antibiofilm
Antimalarial agents
Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
antiviral
Antiviral activity
anti‐fungal
Bacteria
betacyanin
Betacyanins
Betalains - pharmacology
Betalains - therapeutic use
Biofilms
Chemical compounds
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Dengue fever
ESKAPE pathogens
Humans
In vivo methods and tests
Infectious diseases
Pharmacology
Pigments
Regular Issue
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vector-borne diseases
Viral diseases
Viruses
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Summary:Betalains are nitrogen‐containing plant pigments that can be red‐violet (betacyanins) or yellow‐orange (betaxanthins), currently employed as natural colourants in the food and cosmetic sectors. Betalains exhibit antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microbes including multidrug‐resistant bacteria, as well as single‐species and dual‐species biofilm‐producing bacteria, which is highly significant given the current antimicrobial resistance issue reported by The World Health Organization. Research demonstrating antiviral activity against dengue virus, in silico studies including SARS‐CoV‐2, and anti‐fungal effects of betalains highlight the diversity of their antimicrobial properties. Though limited in vivo studies have been conducted, antimalarial and anti‐infective activities of betacyanin have been observed in living infection models. Cellular mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of betalains are yet unknown; however existing research has laid the framework for a potentially novel antimicrobial agent. This review covers an overview of betalains as antimicrobial agents and discussions to fully exploit their potential as therapeutic agents to treat infectious diseases.
ISSN:1364-5072
1365-2672
DOI:10.1111/jam.15798