Frailty Index as a Predictor of Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older People: A Prospective Analysis of Chilean Adults

We aimed to investigate the association between frailty status and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older people. We included 2661 individuals aged ≥ 35 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009−2010. Mortality was determined through linkage with the Chilean Civil Registry and Identificatio...

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Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2023-01, Vol.20 (2), p.1195
Main Authors: Diaz-Toro, Felipe, Nazar, Gabriela, Troncoso, Claudia, Concha-Cisternas, Yeny, Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana Maria, Martinez-Sanguinetti, Maria Adela, Parra-Soto, Solange, Lasserre-Laso, Nicole, Cigarroa, Igor, Mardones, Lorena, Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny, Diaz-Martinez, Ximena, Celis-Morales, Carlos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age groups
Aged
Alcohol use
Arthritis
Cancer
Chile - epidemiology
Disability
Education
Frail Elderly
Frailty
Geriatric Assessment
Humans
Middle age
Middle Aged
Mortality
Older people
Osteoarthritis
Physiology
Proportional Hazards Models
Risk analysis
Risk Factors
Self report
Smoking
Sociodemographics
Statistical models
Survival
Variables
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Summary:We aimed to investigate the association between frailty status and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older people. We included 2661 individuals aged ≥ 35 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009−2010. Mortality was determined through linkage with the Chilean Civil Registry and Identification. A 36-item frailty index (FI) was used to assess the frailty status. Associations between frailty status and all-cause mortality were assessed using Kaplan−Meier and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. A non-linear association was investigated using penalized cubic splines fitted in the Cox models. During an 8.9 median follow-up (interquartile range of 8.6−9.0), 308 individuals died (11.5%). Lower survival rates were observed in frail individuals compared to pre-frail and robust people (log-rank < 0.001). Compared with robust individuals, frail people had a higher mortality risk (HR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.57 to 3.51]). Frail middle-aged individuals had a higher risk of dying independently of major risk factors.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph20021195