The Effective Components, Core Targets, and Key Pathways of Ginseng against Alzheimer’s Disease

Background. Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (ginseng) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used for the treatment of nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of ginseng involved in AD have not been systematically investigated. Here, a network pha...

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Published in:Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2023, Vol.2023 (1), p.9935942-9935942
Main Authors: Wang, Yabo, Liu, Xinxin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
AKT protein
AKT1 protein
Alzheimer's disease
Bioactive compounds
Bioinformatics
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Calcium signalling
Cell death
Cell proliferation
Chinese medicine
Cognitive ability
Dementia
Experimental research
Forkhead protein
Genes
Genomes
Ginseng
Herbal medicine
Hypoxia
Kinases
Medicinal plants
Nervous system
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuroprotection
Nitric oxide
Oxidative stress
Panax ginseng
Pharmacology
Protein interaction
Proteins
Signal transduction
Synapses
Synaptic transmission
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Summary:Background. Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (ginseng) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used for the treatment of nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of ginseng involved in AD have not been systematically investigated. Here, a network pharmacology approach was adopted to explore the effective components, core targets, and key pathways of ginseng against AD. Methods. TCMSP database was used to screen the active ingredients of ginseng. Prediction of the targets of ginseng and AD-related genes was performed using online public databases. “Compound-Target,” “Compound-Target-Disease,” “Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI),” “Compound-Target-Pathway,” and “Compound-Target-GO–Pathway” networks were constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed by using the DAVID database. Results. A total of 22 bioactive compounds were identified from ginseng, and 481 targets of ginseng and 763 AD-related targets were obtained from public databases. The PPI network screened out 19 hub genes of ginseng against AD. According to GO function enrichment, ginseng influenced cell proliferation, death, the nitric oxide biosynthetic process, hypoxia response, and synaptic transmission. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, calcium signaling, cAMP signaling, FoxO signaling, Ras signaling, and PI3K-AKT signaling were among the most key regulatory pathways. The compound-target-GO-route network found EGFR, MAPK1, MAPK14, AKT1, CASP3, and PRKACA as key genes, with PI3K-AKT signaling being the most important pathway for ginseng’s anti-AD activity. Conclusion. Ginseng exerts neuroprotective effects in AD patients through multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway modes, providing novel insight into the pharmacological and experimental research on ginseng against AD.
ISSN:1741-427X
1741-4288
DOI:10.1155/2023/9935942