The human vestibular cortex: functional anatomy of OP2, its connectivity and the effect of vestibular disease

Area OP2 in the posterior peri-sylvian cortex has been proposed to be the core human vestibular cortex. We investigated the functional anatomy of OP2 and adjacent areas (OP2+) using spatially constrained independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) N.Y. 1991), 2023-01, Vol.33 (3), p.567-582
Main Authors: Ibitoye, Richard T, Mallas, Emma-Jane, Bourke, Niall J, Kaski, Diego, Bronstein, Adolfo M, Sharp, David J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cerebral Cortex - diagnostic imaging
Cerebral Cortex - physiology
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Motion Perception - physiology
Original
Photic Stimulation - methods
Vestibular Diseases
Vestibule, Labyrinth - physiology
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Summary:Area OP2 in the posterior peri-sylvian cortex has been proposed to be the core human vestibular cortex. We investigated the functional anatomy of OP2 and adjacent areas (OP2+) using spatially constrained independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Human Connectome Project. Ten ICA-derived subregions were identified. OP2+ responses to vestibular and visual motion were analyzed in 17 controls and 17 right-sided vestibular neuritis patients who had previously undergone caloric and optokinetic stimulation during fMRI. In controls, a posterior part of right OP2+ showed: (i) direction-selective responses to visual motion and (ii) activation during caloric stimulation that correlated positively with perceived self-motion, and negatively with visual dependence and peak slow-phase nystagmus velocity. Patients showed abnormal OP2+ activity, with an absence of visual or caloric activation of the healthy ear and no correlations with vertigo or visual dependence-despite normal slow-phase nystagmus responses to caloric stimulation. Activity in a lateral part of right OP2+ correlated with chronic visually induced dizziness in patients. In summary, distinct functional subregions of right OP2+ show strong connectivity to other vestibular areas and a profile of caloric and visual responses, suggesting a central role for vestibular function in health and disease.
ISSN:1047-3211
1460-2199
DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhac085