Unraveling the Complex Interconnection between Specific Inflammatory Signaling Pathways and Mechanisms Involved in HIV-Associated Colorectal Oncogenesis

The advancement of HIV treatment has led to increased life expectancy. However, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancers. Chronic inflammation has a key role in oncogenesis, affecting the initiation, promotion, transformation, and advancement of the disease...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2023-01, Vol.15 (3), p.748
Main Authors: Damane, Botle Precious, Mulaudzi, Thanyani Victor, Kader, Sayed Shakeel, Naidoo, Pragalathan, Savkovic, Suzana D, Dlamini, Zodwa, Mkhize-Kwitshana, Zilungile Lynette
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Complications and side effects
Cytokines
Development and progression
Gene expression
HIV
HIV infection
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunosurveillance
Infections
Inflammation
Life span
Ligands
Metastasis
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Parasites
Physiological aspects
Proteins
Review
Risk factors
Signal transduction
Toll-like receptors
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Tumorigenesis
Wound healing
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Summary:The advancement of HIV treatment has led to increased life expectancy. However, people living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancers. Chronic inflammation has a key role in oncogenesis, affecting the initiation, promotion, transformation, and advancement of the disease. PLWH are prone to opportunistic infections that trigger inflammation. It has been documented that 15-20% of cancers are triggered by infections, and this percentage is expected to be increased in HIV co-infections. The incidence of parasitic infections such as helminths, with being the most common, is higher in HIV-infected individuals. Cancer cells and opportunistic infections drive a cascade of inflammatory responses which assist in evading immune surveillance, making them survive longer in the affected individuals. Their survival leads to a chronic inflammatory state which further increases the probability of oncogenesis. This review discusses the key inflammatory signaling pathways involved in disease pathogenesis in HIV-positive patients with colorectal cancers. The possibility of the involvement of co-infections in the advancement of the disease, along with highlights on signaling mechanisms that can potentially be utilized as therapeutic strategies to prevent oncogenesis or halt cancer progression, are addressed.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers15030748