Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Other Factors with the Presence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health 2023-01, Vol.20 (3), p.2453
• Main Authors: Tseng, Peng-Lin, Chung, Tung-Ling, Lee, Chao-Hsien
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiovascular disease; Case-Control Studies; Chewing; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Diabetes; Diabetes Complications - complications; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetic Nephropathies - epidemiology; Diabetic Nephropathies - etiology; Diabetic nephropathy; Education; Family medical history; Fasting; Gender; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Kidney diseases; Mastication; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - complications; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Middle schools; Mortality; Nephropathy; Nuts; Obesity; Patients; Qualifications; Retrospective Studies; Risk factors; Risk management; Smoking; Statistical analysis; Triglycerides; Uric acid
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032453

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe diabetes mellitus (DM) complication that contributes to medical and financial burdens. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for DN among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by stratifying the participants based on the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Between June 2017 and June 2022, Taiwan Hospital was chosen for this retrospective case-control study. Following the completion of a standardized interview and the donation of blood samples for this study, participants were divided into two groups according to whether they had MetS. We contrasted how the potential DN-related factors impacted these two groups. A total of 1212 patients were included, and 639 patients (52.7%) had MetS. Multivariable analysis showed that the level of educational qualifications, fasting glucose, and uric acid (UA) were associated with DN. However, chewing betel nut behavior, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), and higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were found to be risk factors of DN among the patients who had both T2DM and MetS. Notably, betel nut chewing increased the chance of DN in T2DM patients with MetS. This study found that the level of education, chewing betel nut behavior, HbA1c, fasting glucose, SBP, and UA were significant risk factors for the development of DN in diabetic individuals with concurrent MetS. Our research reveals that managing the aforementioned risk factors is crucial to lowering the prevalence of DN, particularly in individuals with lower levels of education.