Effect of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance on the Human Musculoskeletal System and the Importance of Nutritional Strategies

• Published in: Nutrients 2023-02, Vol.15 (3), p.734
• Main Authors: Juliana, Norsham, Azmi, Liyana, Effendy, Nadia Mohd, Mohd Fahmi Teng, Nur Islami, Abu, Izuddin Fahmy, Abu Bakar, Nur Nabilah, Azmani, Sahar, Yazit, Noor Anisah Abu, Kadiman, Suhaini, Das, Srijit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological clocks; Blood pressure; Body temperature; Cell cycle; Circadian Clocks - physiology; Circadian rhythm; Circadian Rhythm - physiology; Circadian rhythm sleep disorders; Circadian rhythms; Complications and side effects; Development and progression; Diet therapy; Endocrine system; Energy metabolism; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Environmental changes; Fasting; Genes; Glucose metabolism; Health aspects; Homeostasis; Human body; Humans; Hypothalamus; Hypothalamus (anterior); Light; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Melatonin; Morbidity; Muscles; Musculoskeletal diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Nutrition; Osteoporosis; Photoperiod; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Prevention; Proteins; Review; Risk factors; Schedules; Skeletal muscle; Sleep; Suprachiasmatic nucleus; Transcription factors
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15030734

The circadian system in the human body responds to daily environmental changes to optimise behaviour according to the biological clock and also influences various physiological processes. The suprachiasmatic nuclei are located in the anterior hypothalamus of the brain, and they synchronise to the 24 h light/dark cycle. Human physiological functions are highly dependent on the regulation of the internal circadian clock. Skeletal muscles comprise the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the human body. Both central and peripheral clocks regulate the interaction between the musculoskeletal system and energy metabolism. The skeletal muscle circadian clock plays a vital role in lipid and glucose metabolism. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is related to an alteration in the circadian rhythm. In the present review, we discuss the disturbance of the circadian rhythm and its resultant effect on the musculoskeletal system. We also discuss the nutritional strategies that are potentially effective in maintaining the system's homeostasis. Active collaborations between nutritionists and physiologists in the field of chronobiological and chrononutrition will further clarify these interactions. This review may be necessary for successful interventions in reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from musculoskeletal disturbances.