Risk Factors for One-Year Mortality in Hospitalized Adults with Severe COVID-19

As the body's immunity declines with age, elderly-hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 might be at higher mortality risk. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to examine the possible risk factors (demographic, social or comorbidities) most associated with mortality one-year after d...

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Published in:Aging and disease 2023-02, Vol.14 (1), p.14-20
Main Authors: Núñez-Cortés, Rodrigo, López-Bueno, Rubén, Torres-Castro, Rodrigo, Soto-Carmona, Camilo, Ortega-Palavecinos, Maritza, Pérez-Alenda, Sofía, Solis-Navarro, Lilian, Díaz-Cambronero, Óscar, Martinez-Arnau, Francisco M, Calatayud, Joaquín
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chile
Demographic aspects
Health aspects
Hospital patients
Mortality
Prognosis
Statistics
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Summary:As the body's immunity declines with age, elderly-hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 might be at higher mortality risk. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to examine the possible risk factors (demographic, social or comorbidities) most associated with mortality one-year after diagnosis of COVID-19. Routine data were collected from a cohort of hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19. The primary endpoint was mortality at one-year after diagnosis of COVID-19. We used a Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for both all-cause and specific cardiorespiratory mortality. A fully adjusted model included sex, socioeconomic status, institutionalization status, disability, smoking habit, and comorbidities as confounders. A total of 368 severe cases hospitalized on average 67.3 ± 15.9 years old were included. Participants aged ≥ 71 years had significantly higher HRs for all-cause mortality (adjusted HRs = 2.86, 95%CI: 2.01-4.07) and cardiorespiratory mortality (adjusted HRs = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.99-4.12). The association between age and mortality after diagnosis of COVID-19 due to both all-causes and cardiorespiratory mortality showed a consistent dose-response fashion. Institutionalization, disability, and socioeconomic status also showed a significant association with mortality. In conclusion, aging itself was the most important risk factor associated with mortality one year after diagnosis of COVID-19. People with disabilities, institutionalized or low socioeconomic status are significantly more likely to die after COVID-19.
ISSN:2152-5250
2152-5250
DOI:10.14336/AD.2022.0424