Localization and quantification of Pb and nutrients in Typha latifolia by micro-PIXE

• Published in: Metallomics 2012-04, Vol.4 (4), p.333-341
• Main Authors: Lyubenova, Lyudmila, Pongrac, Paula, Vogel-Miku, Katarina, Mezek, Gaper Kukec, Vavpeti, Primo, Grlj, Nataa, Kump, Peter, Neemer, Marijan, Regvar, Marjana, Pelicon, Primo, Schrder, Peter
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biodegradation, Environmental; Calcium - analysis; Calcium - metabolism; Copper - analysis; Copper - metabolism; Culture Media - chemistry; Culture Media - metabolism; Iron - analysis; Iron - metabolism; Lead - analysis; Lead - metabolism; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Plant Leaves - growth & development; Plant Leaves - metabolism; Plant Roots - chemistry; Plant Roots - growth & development; Plant Roots - metabolism; Potassium - analysis; Potassium - metabolism; Rhizome - chemistry; Rhizome - growth & development; Rhizome - metabolism; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission - methods; Typhaceae - chemistry; Typhaceae - growth & development; Typhaceae - metabolism; Zinc - analysis; Zinc - metabolism
• ISSN: 1756-5901; 1756-591X
• DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00179a

Typha latifolia is a plant species widely used for phytoremediation. Accumulation, localization and distribution of Pb and mineral nutrients were investigated in roots, rhizomes and leaves of Typha latifolia grown at 0, 50, 100 and 250 M Pb concentrations in a pot experiment under controlled conditions. Bulk elemental concentrations were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy whereas micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) was used for element localization in root and rhizome tissues. Gradual increase in bulk Pb concentrations was observed in Typha latifolia roots and rhizomes treated with increasing Pb concentrations, however in rhizomes Pb concentrations were an order of magnitude lower than in roots. In leaves Pb concentrations were around the limit of detection for XRF (20 g g 1 ). An increase in concentration of K and Ca in roots, rhizomes and leaves, of iron and zinc in roots and leaves, and of Mn in rhizomes was observed either at 50 and/or 100 M Pb treatments, whereas for K and Ca in roots, rhizomes and leaves, Fe and Zn in roots and leaves and Mn in rhizomes, or at 250 M Pb treatment the increase was seen for concentrations of Fe and Zn in rhizomes and Cu in roots. Mn concentrations decreased with Pb treatments in roots and leaves. Element localization using micro-PIXE analysis demonstrated Pb accumulation in epidermal and cortical tissues of treated roots and rhizomes, while in endodermis and vascular tissues Pb was not detected. A displacement of Ca from epidermal to cortical tissues was observed in Pb treated roots and rhizomes, pointing to cell wall immobilization of Pb as one of the tolerance mechanisms in Typha latifolia . High level of colocalization of Pb with P ( r = 0.60), S ( r = 0.37) and Zn ( r = 0.70) was observed in Pb treated roots, while in rhizomes colocalization with the mentioned elements was still positive, but not that prominent. These results indicate that Pb may form complexes with phosphorus and sulfur compounds in roots and rhizomes, which may also represent attraction sites for binding Zn. Because of its large root and rhizome surface area acting as main sites for Pb adsorption, Typha latifolia may represent potentially efficient plant species for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soils and waters. Insights into lead localization and quantification in Typha latifolia , a plant species characteristic for phytoremediation of waste water.