Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials

A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical Society reviews 2018-01, Vol.47 (8), p.269-2679
Main Authors: Foster, E. Johan, Moon, Robert J, Agarwal, Umesh P, Bortner, Michael J, Bras, Julien, Camarero-Espinosa, Sandra, Chan, Kathleen J, Clift, Martin J. D, Cranston, Emily D, Eichhorn, Stephen J, Fox, Douglas M, Hamad, Wadood Y, Heux, Laurent, Jean, Bruno, Korey, Matthew, Nieh, World, Ong, Kimberly J, Reid, Michael S, Renneckar, Scott, Roberts, Rose, Shatkin, Jo Anne, Simonsen, John, Stinson-Bagby, Kelly, Wanasekara, Nandula, Youngblood, Jeff
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cellulose
Chemical Sciences
Commercialization
Material chemistry
Mechanical properties
Nanomaterials
Polymers
Rheological properties
Stiffness
Surface charge
Toxicity
Wood pulp
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Summary:A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of high-performance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils. Reliable characterization of cellulose nanomaterials is critical for their utilization in various applications.
ISSN:0306-0012
1460-4744
DOI:10.1039/c6cs00895j