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Double-caged fullerene acceptors: effect of alkyl chain length on photovoltaic performanceElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details and mass spectral and NMR data. See DOI: 10.1039/c8tc05971c
We report the synthesis and spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of the benzyl, C 4 , C 6 , C 8 , C 9 , C 10 , and C 18 n -alkyl esters of double-caged fullerene compounds ( dFR ). Counterintuitively, their solubility depends nonmonotonically on the alkyl chain length with a minimum at...
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | |
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Summary: | We report the synthesis and spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of the benzyl, C
4
, C
6
, C
8
, C
9
, C
10
, and C
18
n
-alkyl esters of double-caged fullerene compounds (
dFR
). Counterintuitively, their solubility depends nonmonotonically on the alkyl chain length with a minimum at
n
-octyl. The series of
dFR
compounds were tested in organic solar cells (OSCs) as an acceptor material blended with the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) donor. With the exception of the
n
-octadecyl derivative, the performance of the P3HT/
dFR
solar cells correlates with the solubility of the
dFR
component, likely due to the improved bulk heterojunction morphology and its favorable effect on
J
SC
via
lower series resistance. A peak PCE of 3.0% was found for the
n
-nonyl compound, thus exceeding other known fullerene oligomers with fused fullerene cages or cross-linked fullerene dimers. The poor performance of compounds with too long alkyl chains like
n
-octadecyl reflects larger series resistance that results from a higher degree of phase segregation.
Alkyl chain length in double-caged fullerene compounds (
dFR
) nonmonotonically correlates with
dFR
solubility providing best BHJ morphology and photovoltaic performance for the highly-soluble
n
-nonyl derivative. |
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ISSN: | 2050-7526 2050-7534 |
DOI: | 10.1039/c8tc05971c |