Improved synthesis of -ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine

N -Ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine is a highly soluble redox shuttle for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries with an oxidation potential of ca. 3.8 V vs. Li +/0 in carbonate solvents. This compound has enabled extensive overcharge protection of LiFePO 4 /graphite cells and doe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:New journal of chemistry 2020-07, Vol.44 (26), p.11349-11355
Main Authors: Ergun, Selin, Casselman, Matthew D, Kaur, Aman Preet, Attanayake, N. Harsha, Parkin, Sean R, Odom, Susan A
Format: Article
Language:English
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:N -Ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine is a highly soluble redox shuttle for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries with an oxidation potential of ca. 3.8 V vs. Li +/0 in carbonate solvents. This compound has enabled extensive overcharge protection of LiFePO 4 /graphite cells and does so at high charging rates at high concentrations. Our initial synthesis of this compound suffered from low yields and difficult purifications. Here we report a cleaner, higher-yielding synthesis and additional characterization of the product and its stable radical cation salt. N -Ethyl-3,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine is a highly soluble redox shuttle for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries with an oxidation potential of ca. 3.8 V vs. Li +/0 in carbonate solvents.
ISSN:1144-0546
1369-9261
DOI:10.1039/d0nj00184h