Current leishmaniasis drug discovery

Leishmaniasis is a complex protozoan infectious disease and, associated with malnutrition, poor health services and unavailability of prophylactic control measures, neglected populations are particularly affected. Current drug regimens are outdated and associated with some drawbacks, such as cytotox...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:MedChemComm 2022-09, Vol.13 (9), p.129-143
Main Authors: Pinheiro, Alessandra Campbell, de Souza, Marcus Vinícius Nora
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemistry
Clinical trials
Control methods
Cytotoxicity
Disease control
Drug development
Immunomodulation
Infectious diseases
Leishmaniasis
Malnutrition
Parasitic diseases
Pathogenesis
Prototypes
Therapeutic targets
Toxicity
Vaccine development
Vaccines
Vector-borne diseases
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Summary:Leishmaniasis is a complex protozoan infectious disease and, associated with malnutrition, poor health services and unavailability of prophylactic control measures, neglected populations are particularly affected. Current drug regimens are outdated and associated with some drawbacks, such as cytotoxicity and resistance, and the development of novel, efficacious and less toxic drug regimens is urgently required. In addition, leishmanial pathogenesis is not well established or understood, and a prophylactic vaccine is an unfulfilled goal. Human kinetoplastid protozoan infections, including leishmaniasis, have been neglected for many years, and in an attempt to overcome this situation, some new drug targets were recently identified, enabling the development of new drugs and vaccines. Compounds from new drug classes have also shown excellent antileishmanial activities, some of the most promising ones included in clinical trials, and could be a hope to control the disease burden of this endemic disease in the near future. In this review, we discuss the limitations of current control methods, explore the wide range of compounds that are being screened and identified as antileishmanial drug prototypes, summarize the advances in identifying new drug targets aiming at innovative treatments and explore the state-of-art vaccine development field, including immunomodulation strategies. This review explores the wide range of compounds that are being identified as antileishmanial drug prototypes, summarize the advances in identifying innovative treatments and explore the state-of-art of vaccines and immunomodulation strategies.
ISSN:2632-8682
2040-2503
2632-8682
2040-2511
DOI:10.1039/d1md00362c