Chemosensors based on N-heterocyclic dyes: advances in sensing highly toxic ions such as CN and Hg

• Published in: RSC advances 2021-10, Vol.11 (54), p.3426-34234
• Main Authors: Ríos, María-Camila, Bravo, Néstor-Fabián, Sánchez, Christian-Camilo, Portilla, Jaime
• Format: Article
• ISSN: 2046-2069
• DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06567j

CN − and Hg 2+ ions are harmful to both the environment and human health, even at trace levels. Thus, alternative methods for their detection and quantification are highly desirable given that the traditional monitoring systems are expensive and require qualified personnel. Optical chemosensors (probes) have revolutionized the sensing of different species due to their high specificity and sensitivity, corresponding with their modular design. They have also been used in aqueous media and different pH ranges, facilitating their applications in various samples. The design of molecular probes is based on organic dyes, where the key species are N-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) due to their proven photophysical properties, biocompatibility, and synthetic versatility, which favor diverse applications. Accordingly, this review aims to provide an overview of the reports from 2016 to 2021, in which fluorescent probes based on five- and six-membered N-heterocycles are used for the detection of CN − and Hg 2+ ions. This review considers the most recent advances in sensing highly toxic ions such as CN − and Hg 2+ . Specifically, probes bearing N-heterocyclic compounds for their proven versatility for applications in the development of chemosensors are analyzed.