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Anatase TiO and zwitterionic porphyrin polymer-based nanocomposite for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy has been used as a treatment option for cancer; however, the existing TiO 2 photosensitizer does not have the ability to specifically target cancer cells. This lack of selectivity reduces its effectiveness in overcoming cancer resistance. To improve photodynamic therapy outcomes...
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Published in: | Nanoscale 2023-09, Vol.15 (36), p.1479-14799 |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Photodynamic therapy has been used as a treatment option for cancer; however, the existing TiO
2
photosensitizer does not have the ability to specifically target cancer cells. This lack of selectivity reduces its effectiveness in overcoming cancer resistance. To improve photodynamic therapy outcomes, an innovative solution is proposed. In this study, we report on the compounding of a zwitterionic covalent organic polymer (COP) with a TiO
2
photosensitizer for the first time. The aim is to overcome cancer cellular resistance. A one-pot synthetic strategy, which includes the construction of a porphyrin-based COP has been employed. This strategy has also been applied to the rapid preparation of anatase defective TiO
2
(TiO
2−
x
). To improve the hydrophilic and antifouling properties of the polymer, zwitterion
l
-cysteine has been conjugated with a porphyrin-based COP using a thiol-ene "click chemistry" reaction. The novel zwitterionic porphyrin-based COP has the ability to trigger biodegradation under the acid microenvironment due to the presence of acid-sensitive β-thioether esters. When combined with TiO
2−
x
, the resultant nanocomposite produces an enhanced photodynamic therapy effect for drug-resistant cancer cells under NIR laser irradiation. This is due to the strong mutual sensitization of zwitterionic porphyrin-based COP and TiO
2−
x
. Importantly, the nanocomposite delivery system exhibits excellent cytocompatibility in the dark and has the potential to improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis through fluorescence imaging. The results of this study demonstrate the potential application of this alternative nanocomposite delivery system for remote-controllable photodynamic therapy of tumors.
To improve the photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes and the ability to specifically target cancer cells of TiO
2
, anatase TiO
2-x
and zwitterionic porphyrin polymer-based nanocomposite TiO
2-x
@TFPC is used as the enhanced PDT agent for treating cancer. |
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ISSN: | 2040-3364 2040-3372 |
DOI: | 10.1039/d3nr03012a |