Accessing five- and seven-membered phosphorus-based heterocycles cycloaddition reactions of azophosphines

• Published in: Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry 2024-09, Vol.53 (36), p.1532-1539
• Main Authors: Calder, Ethan D. E, Male, Louise, Jupp, Andrew R
• Format: Article
• ISSN: 1477-9226; 1477-9234
• DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02248c

Heterocycles containing both phosphorus and nitrogen have seen increasing use in recent years in luminescent materials, coordination chemistry and as building blocks for inorganic polymers, yet their chemistry is currently dominated by five- and six-membered derivatives. Seven-membered P/N heterocycles are comparatively scarce and lack general, high yielding syntheses. Here, we explore the synthesis and characterisation of 1,2,5-diazaphosphepines from azophosphines. The mechanism has been probed in detail with both computational and experimental studies supporting a stepwise mechanism to form a five-membered ring, and subsequent ring expansion to the diazaphosphepine. Regioselective synthesis of five- and seven-membered rings is possible using asymmetric alkynes. The Lewis acidic borane B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 could either catalyse the formation of the seven-membered ring ( i Pr derivative) or trap out a key intermediate via a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mechanism ( t Bu derivative). Azophosphines have been shown to serve as useful building blocks for 5- and 7-membered heterocycles containing phosphorus and nitrogen. The mechanism of this transformation has been elucidated, and their interactions with B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 probed.