Addition of nitrogen had no effect on yield and quality of apples in an high density orchard carrying a dwarf rootstock

• Published in: Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 2008-12, Vol.30 (4), p.1113-1118
• Main Authors: Ernani, Paulo Roberto, Rogeri, Douglas Antônio, Proença, Marcelo Machado, Dias, Jaques
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: HORTICULTURE
• ISSN: 0100-2945; 1806-9967; 0100-2945
• DOI: 10.1590/S0100-29452008000400044

The effect of N addition on apple yield and quality may vary according to the tree vigor. Apple trees developed over vigorous rootstocks had shown no response to N application in Brazil. In this study it was evaluated the effect of N addition to the soil on yield and quality of ´Royal Gala´ apples grafted on a dwarf rootstock (M.9). The orchard was planted in 1995 (2,857 trees ha-1) on an Oxisol containing 40 g kg-1 of organic matter and pH 6.0. The experiment was carried out from 1998 up to 2005. Treatments consisted of rates of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 year-1 from 1998 to 2001, and respectively 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 afterwards), all broadcasted within the tree row in two equal splits, at bud break and after harvest, as ammonium sulfate. Addition of N to the soil had no effect on fruit yield over the six years regardless of the applied rate. Averaged across treatments and years, fruit yield was 52.3 t ha-1. Nitrogen in the leaves (average of 24 g kg-1) or in the fruits (average of 346 mg kg-1) as well as some attributes related to fruit quality (color, firmness, acidity, soluble solids, physiological disorders) were unaffected by N addition. Some plant parameters related to tree vigor, however, grew higher with the increase on N rate. Thus, it is not necessary to apply N to deep Brazilian soils containing high organic matter in order to assure good fruit quality and yield on high-density orchards carrying dwarf rootstocks probably because the N required for tree growth and fruit production is supplied from soil organic matter decay. O efeito da adição de N ao solo no rendimento e na qualidade de maçãs pode variar em função do vigor das plantas. Experimentos conduzidos no Brasil com macieiras cultivadas sobre porta-enxertos vigorosos não têm apresentado aumento no rendimento de frutos pela aplicação de N. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de N no rendimento e na qualidade de frutos de macieira cultivada em alta densidade sobre porta-enxerto anão (M.9). O pomar com a cultivar Royal Gala foi plantado em 1995, na densidade de 2.857 plantas ha-1, em um Latossolo Bruno com 40 g kg-1 de matéria orgânica e pH 6,0. O experimento foi implantado em 1998 e foi encerrado em 2005. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação anual de 0; 50; 100 e 150 kg ha-1 de N de 1998 até 2001 e de, respectivamente, 0; 100; 200 e 300 kg ha-1 de N a partir da safra 2002-2003. Metade de cada dose foi aplicada no início da brotação, e o restante após a colheit