Growth and yield of cowpea/sunflower crop rotation under different irrigationm anagement strategies with saline water

• Published in: Ciência rural 2015-05, Vol.45 (5), p.814-820
• Main Authors: Neves, Antônia Leila Rocha, Lacerda1, Claudivan Feitosa de, Sousa1, Carlos Henrique Carvalho de, Silva1, Francisco Leandro Barbosa da, Gheyi2, Hans Raj, Ferreira1, Francisco Jardelson, Filho, Francisco Luciano Andrade
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRONOMY
• ISSN: 0103-8478; 1678-4596; 0103-8478
• DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20131657

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of management strategies of irrigation with saline water on growth and yield of cowpea and sunflower in a crop rotation. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with thirteen treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of: T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4 using water of 0.5 (A1), 2.2 (A2), 3.6 (A3) and 5.0 (A4) dS m-1, respectively, during the entire crop cycle; T5, T6 and T7, use of A2, A3 and A4 water, respectively, only in the flowering and fructification stage of the crop cycle; using different water in a cyclic way, six irrigations with A1 followed by six irrigations with A2 (T8), A3 (T9) and A4, (T10), respectively; T11, T12 and T13, using water A2, A3 and A4, respectively, starting at 11 days after planting (DAP) and continuing until the end of the crop cycle. These treatments were employed in the first crop (cowpea), during the dry season, and the same plots were used for the cultivation of sunflower as succeeding crop during rainy season. The strategies of use of saline water in the salt tolerant growth stage (treatments T5, T6 and T7) or cyclically (treatments T8, T9 and T10) reduced the amount of good quality water used in the production of cowpea by 34 and 47%, respectively, without negative impacts on crop yield, and did not show the residual effects of salinity on sunflower as a succeeding crop. Thus, these strategies appear promising to be employed in areas with water salinity problems in the semiarid region of Brazil. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de estratégias de manejo de irrigação com água salina no crescimento e produção de feijão-caupi e do girassol em um sistema de rotação de culturas. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com treze tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de: T1 (controle), T2, T3 e T4, utilizando água de 0,5 (A1), 2,2 (A2), 3,6 (A3) e 5,0 (A4) dS m-1, respectivamente, ao longo de todo o ciclo da cultura; T5, T6 e T7, utilizando águas salinas A2, A3 e A4, respectivamente, apenas na fase de floração e frutificação; uso de diferentes fontes de água de forma cíclica, com seis irrigações com A1 seguido por seis irrigações com A2 (T8), A3 (T9) e A4 (T10), respectivamente; T11, T12 e T13, usando água A2, A3 e A4, respectivamente, a partir de 11 dias após o plantio (DAP) e continuando até ao final do ciclo da cultura. Estes tratamentos foram empregados na primeira safra com o feijão-caupi, durante a estação seca. As mes