Agrometeorological conditions associated with phenological responses of tucumã-do-pará (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.)

• Published in: Ciência e agrotecnologia 2018-03, Vol.42 (2), p.127-137
• Main Authors: Martorano, Lucieta Guerreiro, Oliveira, Maria do Socorro Padilha de, Mendes, Gleidson Guilherme Caldas, Moraes, José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de, Pinheiro, Daniel Pereira, Oliveira, Afonso Henrique Moraes
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY; climate; germplasm bank; Palmaceae; phenology
• ISSN: 1413-7054; 1981-1829; 1981-1829
• DOI: 10.1590/1413-70542018422032917

ABSTRACT Palms are among the class of hyperdominant species in the Amazon region, and for the tucumã palm (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) demand of climatic and phenological information in order to support strategic planning and sustainable management of this palm species native to the Amazon basin. The objective of this work was to evaluate agrometeorological conditions associated to phenological responses of tucumã as a species that has high economic potential for fruit pulp production. Meteorological data were collected during the period in which data were also collected for the phenology of the germplasm bank. Sensors were installed to monitor temperature and air relative humidity to where they are observed as phenophases. Analyses were conducted to identify the responses of the tucumã stems in function of agrometeorological conditions of the study area. Precipitation, thermal amplitude, and insolation showed positive correlations principally with respect to the percent of stems with bracts, inflorescences, or with fertilized inflorescences. In the fruiting phenological phase precipitation and air relative humidity influenced the percentage of stems with fruit clusters that were immature and also ones with mature clusters. High maximum temperatures compromise the expression of the percentage of stems with green fruit clusters. The tucumã stems were photosynthesizing and carrying out metabolic processes at a very high rate during the study period based on the high Normalized Difference Vegetation Index which was superior to 0.41 during the three years of this study. The tucumã phenological phases, demonstrating a strong positive association with insolation, maximum temperature and thermal amplitude. RESUMO As palmeiras estão entre as espécies hiperdominantes na Amazônia e o tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) demanda de informações climáticas e fenológicas para subsidiar o planejamento estratégico e o manejo sustentável dessa palmacea nativa da região. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar as condições agrometeorológicas associadas às respostas fenológicas do tucumã por ser uma espécie que apresenta alto potencial econômico na produção de polpa dos frutos. Foram levantados dados meteorológicos correspondentes ao período em que foram realizadas as coletas de dados de fenologia no Banco de Germoplasma. Também, foram instalados sensores para monitorar a temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar onde eram observadas as fenofases. Foram realizadas análises para iden