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Padrões alimentares de idosos e seus determinantes: estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, de doenças crônicas e do recebimento de orientações em saúde no padrão alimentar de idosos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 id...

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Published in:Ciência & saude coletiva 2020-06, Vol.25 (6), p.1999-2008
Main Authors: Gomes, Ana Paula, Bierhals, Isabel Oliveira, Vieira, Luna Strieder, Soares, Ana Luiza Gonçalves, Flores, Thaynã Ramos, Assunção, Maria Cecília Formoso, Gonçalves, Helen
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description Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, de doenças crônicas e do recebimento de orientações em saúde no padrão alimentar de idosos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 idosos residentes em Pelotas, RS, Brasil e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por análise de componentes principais. Dois padrões foram identificados: saudável (alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes/verduras e leite) e ocidental (doces, frituras, alimentos congelados, embutidos e “fast food”). Mulheres, não fumantes e não dependentes alcoólicos aderiam mais ao padrão saudável, enquanto que homens, fumantes, dependentes alcóolicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso aderiam mais ao padrão ocidental. Maior renda e escolaridade estiveram associadas à maior adesão de ambos os padrões e a presença de doenças crônicas não esteve associada a nenhum padrão. O recebimento de orientações para hábitos saudáveis esteve associado à maior adesão ao padrão saudável e menor ao padrão ocidental. Há necessidade do fortalecimento de orientações eficazes sobre hábitos saudáveis nos serviços de saúde, com especial atenção para idosos do sexo masculino, tabagistas, dependentes alcoólicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso. Abstract This cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and health counseling on dietary patterns of the elderly. Food consumption was assessed by means of a reduced eating frequency questionnaire distributed to 1,426 elderly residents in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and dietary patterns were obtained using main component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy diet (wholegrain food, fruits, vegetables, and milk) and Western diet (sweet snacks, fried foods, frozen foods, processed meats, and fast food). Females, non-smokers, and alcohol-free individuals tended more toward the healthy diet, whereas males, smokers, alcohol-dependent, and overweight individuals tended more toward the Western diet. Higher income and schooling were associated with a higher tendency toward both diets, and chronic diseases were not associated with either diet. Receiving counseling for adopting healthy habits was associated with a higher tendency toward a healthy diet and a lower tendency toward the Western diet. There is a need to increase effective guidance on healthy habits by health services to promote he
doi_str_mv 10.1590/1413-81232020256.20932018
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O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 idosos residentes em Pelotas, RS, Brasil e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por análise de componentes principais. Dois padrões foram identificados: saudável (alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes/verduras e leite) e ocidental (doces, frituras, alimentos congelados, embutidos e “fast food”). Mulheres, não fumantes e não dependentes alcoólicos aderiam mais ao padrão saudável, enquanto que homens, fumantes, dependentes alcóolicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso aderiam mais ao padrão ocidental. Maior renda e escolaridade estiveram associadas à maior adesão de ambos os padrões e a presença de doenças crônicas não esteve associada a nenhum padrão. O recebimento de orientações para hábitos saudáveis esteve associado à maior adesão ao padrão saudável e menor ao padrão ocidental. Há necessidade do fortalecimento de orientações eficazes sobre hábitos saudáveis nos serviços de saúde, com especial atenção para idosos do sexo masculino, tabagistas, dependentes alcoólicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso. Abstract This cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and health counseling on dietary patterns of the elderly. Food consumption was assessed by means of a reduced eating frequency questionnaire distributed to 1,426 elderly residents in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and dietary patterns were obtained using main component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy diet (wholegrain food, fruits, vegetables, and milk) and Western diet (sweet snacks, fried foods, frozen foods, processed meats, and fast food). Females, non-smokers, and alcohol-free individuals tended more toward the healthy diet, whereas males, smokers, alcohol-dependent, and overweight individuals tended more toward the Western diet. Higher income and schooling were associated with a higher tendency toward both diets, and chronic diseases were not associated with either diet. Receiving counseling for adopting healthy habits was associated with a higher tendency toward a healthy diet and a lower tendency toward the Western diet. There is a need to increase effective guidance on healthy habits by health services to promote healthier eating practices, with special attention to elderly males, smokers, alcohol-dependent and overweight individuals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1413-8123</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1678-4561</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1678-4561</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.20932018</identifier><language>por</language><publisher>Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva</publisher><subject>Alcohol ; Alcohol free ; Chronic illnesses ; Cross-sectional studies ; Diet ; Eating ; Fast food ; Frozen foods ; Health Policy &amp; Services ; Legumes ; Males ; Milk ; Older people ; Population-based studies ; Smoking ; Social factors ; Socioeconomic data</subject><ispartof>Ciência &amp; saude coletiva, 2020-06, Vol.25 (6), p.1999-2008</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2020. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.pt (the “License”). 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O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 idosos residentes em Pelotas, RS, Brasil e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por análise de componentes principais. Dois padrões foram identificados: saudável (alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes/verduras e leite) e ocidental (doces, frituras, alimentos congelados, embutidos e “fast food”). Mulheres, não fumantes e não dependentes alcoólicos aderiam mais ao padrão saudável, enquanto que homens, fumantes, dependentes alcóolicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso aderiam mais ao padrão ocidental. Maior renda e escolaridade estiveram associadas à maior adesão de ambos os padrões e a presença de doenças crônicas não esteve associada a nenhum padrão. O recebimento de orientações para hábitos saudáveis esteve associado à maior adesão ao padrão saudável e menor ao padrão ocidental. 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O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar reduzido aplicado a 1.426 idosos residentes em Pelotas, RS, Brasil e os padrões alimentares foram obtidos por análise de componentes principais. Dois padrões foram identificados: saudável (alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes/verduras e leite) e ocidental (doces, frituras, alimentos congelados, embutidos e “fast food”). Mulheres, não fumantes e não dependentes alcoólicos aderiam mais ao padrão saudável, enquanto que homens, fumantes, dependentes alcóolicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso aderiam mais ao padrão ocidental. Maior renda e escolaridade estiveram associadas à maior adesão de ambos os padrões e a presença de doenças crônicas não esteve associada a nenhum padrão. O recebimento de orientações para hábitos saudáveis esteve associado à maior adesão ao padrão saudável e menor ao padrão ocidental. Há necessidade do fortalecimento de orientações eficazes sobre hábitos saudáveis nos serviços de saúde, com especial atenção para idosos do sexo masculino, tabagistas, dependentes alcoólicos e indivíduos com sobrepeso. Abstract This cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and health counseling on dietary patterns of the elderly. Food consumption was assessed by means of a reduced eating frequency questionnaire distributed to 1,426 elderly residents in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and dietary patterns were obtained using main component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy diet (wholegrain food, fruits, vegetables, and milk) and Western diet (sweet snacks, fried foods, frozen foods, processed meats, and fast food). Females, non-smokers, and alcohol-free individuals tended more toward the healthy diet, whereas males, smokers, alcohol-dependent, and overweight individuals tended more toward the Western diet. Higher income and schooling were associated with a higher tendency toward both diets, and chronic diseases were not associated with either diet. Receiving counseling for adopting healthy habits was associated with a higher tendency toward a healthy diet and a lower tendency toward the Western diet. 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ispartof Ciência & saude coletiva, 2020-06, Vol.25 (6), p.1999-2008
issn 1413-8123
1678-4561
1678-4561
language por
recordid cdi_scielo_journals_S1413_81232020000601999
source Publicly Available Content Database; SciELO
subjects Alcohol
Alcohol free
Chronic illnesses
Cross-sectional studies
Diet
Eating
Fast food
Frozen foods
Health Policy & Services
Legumes
Males
Milk
Older people
Population-based studies
Smoking
Social factors
Socioeconomic data
title Padrões alimentares de idosos e seus determinantes: estudo de base populacional no sul do Brasil
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