Loading…

An investigation of virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila environmental isolates

Nine Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from cooling towers and a standard strain (L. pneumophila serogroup 1, ATCC 33152, Philadelphia 1) were analyzed and compared in terms of motility, flagella structure, ability to form biofilms, enzymatic activities (hemolysin, nucleases, protease, phospho...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brazilian journal of microbiology 2018-01, Vol.49 (1), p.189-199
Main Authors: Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem, Kimiran, Ayten
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-6ea28a0349edc832c4c5d3703d2e70f9e82e4c32cd00e961741f8c8f0a8a4d073
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-6ea28a0349edc832c4c5d3703d2e70f9e82e4c32cd00e961741f8c8f0a8a4d073
container_end_page 199
container_issue 1
container_start_page 189
container_title Brazilian journal of microbiology
container_volume 49
creator Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem
Kimiran, Ayten
description Nine Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from cooling towers and a standard strain (L. pneumophila serogroup 1, ATCC 33152, Philadelphia 1) were analyzed and compared in terms of motility, flagella structure, ability to form biofilms, enzymatic activities (hemolysin, nucleases, protease, phospholipase A, phospholipase C, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase), hemagglutination capabilities, and pathogenicity in various host cells (Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 30234, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral monocytes). All the isolates of bacteria appeared to be motile and polar-flagellated and possessed the type-IV fimbria. Upon the evaluation of virulence factors, isolate 4 was found to be the most pathogenic strain, while 6 out of the 9 isolates (the isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) were more virulent than the ATCC 33152 strain. The different bacterial strains exhibited differences in properties such as adhesion, penetration and reproduction in the hosts, and preferred host type. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the virulence of environmental L. pneumophila strains isolated in Turkey, and it provides important information relevant for understanding the epidemiology of L. pneumophila.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.03.012
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_sciel</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_scielo_journals_S1517_83822018000100189</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><scielo_id>S1517_83822018000100189</scielo_id><els_id>S1517838216303033</els_id><sourcerecordid>2053909816</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-6ea28a0349edc832c4c5d3703d2e70f9e82e4c32cd00e961741f8c8f0a8a4d073</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFUkuL1EAQDqK46-oP8CIBL14Sqx9JdxCEZdFVGPDg49r0diqzPSTdY3cysP_eCrMOqweFhi6qvq-eX1G8ZFAzYO3bXX2zm2oOTNUgamD8UXHOWqUrKaF5THbDVKWF5mfFs5x3ALwByZ8WZ7wDocg-L35chtKHA-bZb-3sYyjjUB58WkYMDsvBujmmvDo3uKUwjqMt9wGXKe5vPdkYCB3DhGG2Y-lzHO2M-XnxZLBjxhf3_0Xx_eOHb1efqs2X689Xl5vKtUzNVYuWawtCdtg7LbiTrumFAtFzVDB0qDlKR_4eADuiSDZopwew2soelLgo6mPe7DyO0ezikgIVNF_X2c06O61HAwCjpzsivD8S9svNREWp7WRHs09-sunOROvNn5Hgb802HkyjOmiUpARv7hOk-HOhvZnJZ7euJWBcsuHQiA46zdr_QlnXcMaY4oygr_-CnibhjEvWKCHX2uyIcinmnHA49c3ArIowO0OKMKsiDAhDiiDOq4cDnxi_JUCAd0cA0p0OHpNZd0nH731CN5s--n-k_wXLosTQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2124157344</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>An investigation of virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila environmental isolates</title><source>SciELO Brazil</source><source>ScienceDirect®</source><source>Springer Nature</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem ; Kimiran, Ayten</creator><creatorcontrib>Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem ; Kimiran, Ayten</creatorcontrib><description>Nine Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from cooling towers and a standard strain (L. pneumophila serogroup 1, ATCC 33152, Philadelphia 1) were analyzed and compared in terms of motility, flagella structure, ability to form biofilms, enzymatic activities (hemolysin, nucleases, protease, phospholipase A, phospholipase C, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase), hemagglutination capabilities, and pathogenicity in various host cells (Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 30234, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral monocytes). All the isolates of bacteria appeared to be motile and polar-flagellated and possessed the type-IV fimbria. Upon the evaluation of virulence factors, isolate 4 was found to be the most pathogenic strain, while 6 out of the 9 isolates (the isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) were more virulent than the ATCC 33152 strain. The different bacterial strains exhibited differences in properties such as adhesion, penetration and reproduction in the hosts, and preferred host type. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the virulence of environmental L. pneumophila strains isolated in Turkey, and it provides important information relevant for understanding the epidemiology of L. pneumophila.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1517-8382</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1678-4405</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1678-4405</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.03.012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29037504</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Brazil: Elsevier Editora Ltda</publisher><subject>Acanthamoeba castellanii ; Acid phosphatase ; adhesion ; Alkaline phosphatase ; bacteria ; biofilm ; Biofilms ; carboxylic ester hydrolases ; Cooling towers ; Enzymatic activity ; enzyme activity ; Epidemiology ; Flagella ; flagellum ; Hemagglutination ; hemolysins ; hosts ; humans ; Legionella pneumophila ; Legionnaires' disease bacterium ; Lipase ; Macrophages ; mice ; MICROBIOLOGY ; Monocytes ; Nuclease ; nucleases ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Phosphatase ; Phospholipase ; Phospholipase A ; Phospholipase C ; phospholipases ; proteinases ; reproduction ; Research Paper ; serotypes ; Strains (organisms) ; Turkey (country) ; Virulence ; Virulence factors ; Virulence of environmental isolates ; virulent strains</subject><ispartof>Brazilian journal of microbiology, 2018-01, Vol.49 (1), p.189-199</ispartof><rights>2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2018. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia</rights><rights>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-6ea28a0349edc832c4c5d3703d2e70f9e82e4c32cd00e961741f8c8f0a8a4d073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-6ea28a0349edc832c4c5d3703d2e70f9e82e4c32cd00e961741f8c8f0a8a4d073</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790574/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1517838216303033$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,3535,24130,27903,27904,45759,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29037504$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimiran, Ayten</creatorcontrib><title>An investigation of virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila environmental isolates</title><title>Brazilian journal of microbiology</title><addtitle>Braz J Microbiol</addtitle><description>Nine Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from cooling towers and a standard strain (L. pneumophila serogroup 1, ATCC 33152, Philadelphia 1) were analyzed and compared in terms of motility, flagella structure, ability to form biofilms, enzymatic activities (hemolysin, nucleases, protease, phospholipase A, phospholipase C, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase), hemagglutination capabilities, and pathogenicity in various host cells (Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 30234, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral monocytes). All the isolates of bacteria appeared to be motile and polar-flagellated and possessed the type-IV fimbria. Upon the evaluation of virulence factors, isolate 4 was found to be the most pathogenic strain, while 6 out of the 9 isolates (the isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) were more virulent than the ATCC 33152 strain. The different bacterial strains exhibited differences in properties such as adhesion, penetration and reproduction in the hosts, and preferred host type. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the virulence of environmental L. pneumophila strains isolated in Turkey, and it provides important information relevant for understanding the epidemiology of L. pneumophila.</description><subject>Acanthamoeba castellanii</subject><subject>Acid phosphatase</subject><subject>adhesion</subject><subject>Alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>bacteria</subject><subject>biofilm</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>carboxylic ester hydrolases</subject><subject>Cooling towers</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>enzyme activity</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Flagella</subject><subject>flagellum</subject><subject>Hemagglutination</subject><subject>hemolysins</subject><subject>hosts</subject><subject>humans</subject><subject>Legionella pneumophila</subject><subject>Legionnaires' disease bacterium</subject><subject>Lipase</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>mice</subject><subject>MICROBIOLOGY</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Nuclease</subject><subject>nucleases</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Phosphatase</subject><subject>Phospholipase</subject><subject>Phospholipase A</subject><subject>Phospholipase C</subject><subject>phospholipases</subject><subject>proteinases</subject><subject>reproduction</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>serotypes</subject><subject>Strains (organisms)</subject><subject>Turkey (country)</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virulence factors</subject><subject>Virulence of environmental isolates</subject><subject>virulent strains</subject><issn>1517-8382</issn><issn>1678-4405</issn><issn>1678-4405</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFUkuL1EAQDqK46-oP8CIBL14Sqx9JdxCEZdFVGPDg49r0diqzPSTdY3cysP_eCrMOqweFhi6qvq-eX1G8ZFAzYO3bXX2zm2oOTNUgamD8UXHOWqUrKaF5THbDVKWF5mfFs5x3ALwByZ8WZ7wDocg-L35chtKHA-bZb-3sYyjjUB58WkYMDsvBujmmvDo3uKUwjqMt9wGXKe5vPdkYCB3DhGG2Y-lzHO2M-XnxZLBjxhf3_0Xx_eOHb1efqs2X689Xl5vKtUzNVYuWawtCdtg7LbiTrumFAtFzVDB0qDlKR_4eADuiSDZopwew2soelLgo6mPe7DyO0ezikgIVNF_X2c06O61HAwCjpzsivD8S9svNREWp7WRHs09-sunOROvNn5Hgb802HkyjOmiUpARv7hOk-HOhvZnJZ7euJWBcsuHQiA46zdr_QlnXcMaY4oygr_-CnibhjEvWKCHX2uyIcinmnHA49c3ArIowO0OKMKsiDAhDiiDOq4cDnxi_JUCAd0cA0p0OHpNZd0nH731CN5s--n-k_wXLosTQ</recordid><startdate>20180101</startdate><enddate>20180101</enddate><creator>Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem</creator><creator>Kimiran, Ayten</creator><general>Elsevier Editora Ltda</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CLZPN</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>GPN</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180101</creationdate><title>An investigation of virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila environmental isolates</title><author>Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem ; Kimiran, Ayten</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-6ea28a0349edc832c4c5d3703d2e70f9e82e4c32cd00e961741f8c8f0a8a4d073</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Acanthamoeba castellanii</topic><topic>Acid phosphatase</topic><topic>adhesion</topic><topic>Alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>bacteria</topic><topic>biofilm</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>carboxylic ester hydrolases</topic><topic>Cooling towers</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>enzyme activity</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Flagella</topic><topic>flagellum</topic><topic>Hemagglutination</topic><topic>hemolysins</topic><topic>hosts</topic><topic>humans</topic><topic>Legionella pneumophila</topic><topic>Legionnaires' disease bacterium</topic><topic>Lipase</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>mice</topic><topic>MICROBIOLOGY</topic><topic>Monocytes</topic><topic>Nuclease</topic><topic>nucleases</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Phosphatase</topic><topic>Phospholipase</topic><topic>Phospholipase A</topic><topic>Phospholipase C</topic><topic>phospholipases</topic><topic>proteinases</topic><topic>reproduction</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>serotypes</topic><topic>Strains (organisms)</topic><topic>Turkey (country)</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Virulence factors</topic><topic>Virulence of environmental isolates</topic><topic>virulent strains</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimiran, Ayten</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Databases</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Latin America &amp; Iberia Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>SciELO</collection><jtitle>Brazilian journal of microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arslan-Aydoğdu, Elif Özlem</au><au>Kimiran, Ayten</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An investigation of virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila environmental isolates</atitle><jtitle>Brazilian journal of microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Braz J Microbiol</addtitle><date>2018-01-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>189</spage><epage>199</epage><pages>189-199</pages><issn>1517-8382</issn><issn>1678-4405</issn><eissn>1678-4405</eissn><abstract>Nine Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from cooling towers and a standard strain (L. pneumophila serogroup 1, ATCC 33152, Philadelphia 1) were analyzed and compared in terms of motility, flagella structure, ability to form biofilms, enzymatic activities (hemolysin, nucleases, protease, phospholipase A, phospholipase C, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase), hemagglutination capabilities, and pathogenicity in various host cells (Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 30234, mouse peritoneal macrophages and human peripheral monocytes). All the isolates of bacteria appeared to be motile and polar-flagellated and possessed the type-IV fimbria. Upon the evaluation of virulence factors, isolate 4 was found to be the most pathogenic strain, while 6 out of the 9 isolates (the isolates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) were more virulent than the ATCC 33152 strain. The different bacterial strains exhibited differences in properties such as adhesion, penetration and reproduction in the hosts, and preferred host type. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the virulence of environmental L. pneumophila strains isolated in Turkey, and it provides important information relevant for understanding the epidemiology of L. pneumophila.</abstract><cop>Brazil</cop><pub>Elsevier Editora Ltda</pub><pmid>29037504</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.bjm.2017.03.012</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1517-8382
ispartof Brazilian journal of microbiology, 2018-01, Vol.49 (1), p.189-199
issn 1517-8382
1678-4405
1678-4405
language eng
recordid cdi_scielo_journals_S1517_83822018000100189
source SciELO Brazil; ScienceDirect®; Springer Nature; PubMed Central
subjects Acanthamoeba castellanii
Acid phosphatase
adhesion
Alkaline phosphatase
bacteria
biofilm
Biofilms
carboxylic ester hydrolases
Cooling towers
Enzymatic activity
enzyme activity
Epidemiology
Flagella
flagellum
Hemagglutination
hemolysins
hosts
humans
Legionella pneumophila
Legionnaires' disease bacterium
Lipase
Macrophages
mice
MICROBIOLOGY
Monocytes
Nuclease
nucleases
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
Phosphatase
Phospholipase
Phospholipase A
Phospholipase C
phospholipases
proteinases
reproduction
Research Paper
serotypes
Strains (organisms)
Turkey (country)
Virulence
Virulence factors
Virulence of environmental isolates
virulent strains
title An investigation of virulence factors of Legionella pneumophila environmental isolates
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T01%3A38%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_sciel&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An%20investigation%20of%20virulence%20factors%20of%20Legionella%20pneumophila%20environmental%20isolates&rft.jtitle=Brazilian%20journal%20of%20microbiology&rft.au=Arslan-Aydo%C4%9Fdu,%20Elif%20%C3%96zlem&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=189&rft.epage=199&rft.pages=189-199&rft.issn=1517-8382&rft.eissn=1678-4405&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.03.012&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_sciel%3E2053909816%3C/proquest_sciel%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c617t-6ea28a0349edc832c4c5d3703d2e70f9e82e4c32cd00e961741f8c8f0a8a4d073%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2124157344&rft_id=info:pmid/29037504&rft_scielo_id=S1517_83822018000100189&rfr_iscdi=true