Prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: an Indian experience

COVID-19 convalescent plasma is one of the experimental therapies used widely in moderately sick COVID-19 patients. However, there are a few risks involved in plasma transfusion; notably, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) caused by antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA). This...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy Transfusion and Cell Therapy, 2024-10, Vol.46 (4), p.455-461
Main Authors: Jaiswal, Ram Mohan, Tiwari, Aseem Kumar, Singla, Ashina, Jain, Ashish, Vohra, Rajaat, Kakkar, Munish, Suravajhala, Prashanth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti HLA antibody
CCP
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Original
TRALI
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Summary:COVID-19 convalescent plasma is one of the experimental therapies used widely in moderately sick COVID-19 patients. However, there are a few risks involved in plasma transfusion; notably, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) caused by antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA). This study was designed to assess the prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies in convalescent plasma donors using the single antigen bead method. This was a hospital-based observational study of consecutive plasma donors. A total of 252 samples were screened for anti-HLA Class I and Class II antibodies using the microbead assay with the identification of anti-HLA Ab in positive samples being performed using a single antigen bead assay. Luminex-based normalized background cutoff ratios of 10.8 for Class I and 6.9 for Class II and mean fluorescence intensity cutoffs of 2500 for Class I and 1500 for Class II were used for screening and the single bead assay, respectively. Of 252 screened samples, 28 (11.1 %) were positive for Class I, Class II or both Class I and Class II anti-HLA antibodies in donors with no history of a previous immunizing event. Moreover, 20/252 (7.9%) donors without any history of prior immunization had specific anti-HLA antibodies of Class I or Class II or both by the single bead assay. The high prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies in our cohort of donors raises an urgent and immediate need for anti-HLA antibody screening in all convalescent plasma donors for safe therapy of COVID-19 patients.
ISSN:2531-1387
2531-1379
2531-1387
DOI:10.1016/j.htct.2024.03.003