Extraction of microcrystalline cellulose from rice straw and its effect on polyvinyl alcohol biocomposites film

The poor management and underutilization of agricultural wastes had proliferated interest of researchers around the world to find alternatives to utilize them as potential value-added products. One of the green alternatives is by extracting cellulose from these waste materials and incorporating them...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chin, Kwok-Mern, Ting, Sam Sung, Lin, Ong Hui, Owi, Wei Tieng
Format: Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural management
Agricultural wastes
Biomedical materials
Bleaching
Cellulose
Chemical industry
Chemical treatment
Composite materials
Crystalline cellulose
Fillers
Fourier transforms
Lignin
Modulus of elasticity
Organic chemistry
Scanning electron microscopy
Straw
X ray powder diffraction
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Summary:The poor management and underutilization of agricultural wastes had proliferated interest of researchers around the world to find alternatives to utilize them as potential value-added products. One of the green alternatives is by extracting cellulose from these waste materials and incorporating them in polymer as reinforcement fillers. The surging amount of plastic waste also posed major issues to the environment due to its recalcitrance to degrade. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC-RS) was extracted from rice straw through cyclic alkaline and bleaching treatment to remove hemicellulose and lignin respectively. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) was chosen as the matrix and different ratios of PVOH / MCC-RS films were prepared (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0wt% of MCC) through solution casting method and its tensile, thermal and morphological properties were studied. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) results showed increased crystallinity of MCC-RS after chemical treatment (from 44.5% to 60.8%) due to the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose, which was then confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. For the biocomposites, both tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the films increased with increasing MCC-RS content up until 7.5wt%, supported with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results which depicted improvement in the interfacial adhesion between MCC-RS and PVOH. From the overall results, the improvement in properties of biocomposite from cellulose-based microfiller had shown promising future in application of the water soluble plastic packaging industry.
ISSN:0094-243X
1551-7616
DOI:10.1063/1.4993348