Negative ion sources

In this Tutorial, surface and double charge exchange negative ion sources for producing negative ion beams of different ion species will be described. The need for negative ions as the beam particles of tandem Van de Graaf accelerators and that for charge exchange injection of hydrogen negative ions...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied physics 2021-06, Vol.129 (22)
Main Authors: Bacal, M., Sasao, M., Wada, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkali metals
Applied physics
Astrophysics
Charge exchange
Charge injection
Halogens
Ion beams
Ion sources
Ions
Negative ions
Nuclear fusion
Particle accelerators
Physics
Plasmas (physics)
Proton accelerators
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Summary:In this Tutorial, surface and double charge exchange negative ion sources for producing negative ion beams of different ion species will be described. The need for negative ions as the beam particles of tandem Van de Graaf accelerators and that for charge exchange injection of hydrogen negative ions into high-energy proton accelerators requires the development of these ion sources, which are then enlarged to generate ampere level broad beams to heat up, after neutralization, the fusion experiment plasmas confined in magnetic field. The physical mechanisms leading to the formation of various negative ion species, such as hydrogen, helium, alkali metals, and halogens will be presented, and the ion source designs are analyzed based on the knowledge of fundamental processes related to negative ion formation and destruction. The use of negative ion sources in accelerators, nuclear fusion research, technology, and medicine will also be presented.
ISSN:0021-8979
1089-7550
DOI:10.1063/5.0049289