Effects of transition metal dopants on the electronic structure of potassium niobate

• Published in: Journal of applied physics 2022-01, Vol.131 (2)
• Main Authors: Suter, E. G., Bhattacharya, Mohua, Lewis, Steven P., Dennis, William M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Coordination compounds; Density functional theory; Dopants; Electronic structure; Ferroelectric materials; Ferroelectricity; Impurities; Lattice vacancies; Optical properties; Oxygen; Photorefractivity; Potassium; Potassium niobates; Spectral sensitivity; Substitutes; Titanium; Transition metals; Vacancies
• ISSN: 0021-8979; 1089-7550
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0063833

Potassium niobate ( KNbO 3) is an important ferroelectric and photorefractive material that finds multiple nonlinear optical and photorefractive applications such as two-beam coupling and dynamic holography. We employ standard Density Functional Theory to examine two defect complexes in KNbO 3 doped with 3-d transition metals. These defect complexes involve the substitution of a Nb with a 3-d transition metal element and (1) a coordinating oxygen vacancy induced in the nearest-neighbor oxygen shell or (2) a non-coordinating oxygen vacancy induced in the supercell as far away as possible from substitution impurity. With the exception of Ti and V, the 3-d transition metal dopants studied here may represent viable dopants for purposes of extending the photorefractive spectral response of KNbO 3. Our results indicate that each of these complexes introduces defect states into the gap of KNbO 3. Furthermore, we notice that the distribution of impurity states changes quite systematically across the 3-d transition metal row, and we note the effects of the disruption of the crystal field in the case of the coordinating O vacancy on the position and ordering of defect states within the gap. Substituting KNbO3 with transition metal ions can, therefore, significantly affect its optical and infrared properties, exemplifying how a detailed understanding of the electronic structure can be an important tool in tailoring the properties of this material for ferroelectric and photorefractive applications.