A review on fiber Bragg grating sensors for measurement of snow surface temperature

The on-going warming of climate affects the Indian Himalaya’s cryosphere. It increases the risk of hazards caused by snow avalanches to the living creature and ecosystems. Snow avalanche is a downward flow of an unexpected amount of snow from hill top to the valley. A check can be put on snow avalan...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Prashar, Shivendu, Tiwari, Umesh Kumar, Singh, Sartajvir, Sood, Vishakha
Format: Conference Proceeding
Language:English
Subjects:
Avalanches
Bragg gratings
Electromagnetic interference
Embedded sensors
Low temperature
Optical fibers
Sea surface temperature
Sensors
Snow
Snow avalanches
Snow cover
Substrates
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Summary:The on-going warming of climate affects the Indian Himalaya’s cryosphere. It increases the risk of hazards caused by snow avalanches to the living creature and ecosystems. Snow avalanche is a downward flow of an unexpected amount of snow from hill top to the valley. A check can be put on snow avalanche by measuring the snow surface temperature (SST). Therefore, there is a need of thermal sensor system to be installed on high snow covered locations to monitor SST. The optical fiber sensors (OFS) could be a promising technology in these situations because OFS are light weighted, not prone to electromagnetic interference and easy to install. In OFS, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensors has most suitable sensor systems for the measurement of low temperatures like SST. In this review paper, the eligible FBG based sensor systems have been discussed which can be installed to monitor the SST as well as the avalanche activities in the snow covered mountainous ranges. The bare FBG sensors do not respond efficiently at low temperatures, so bare FBG based sensor has been excluded from this study. Therefore, only the substrate coated FBG sensors, dual end fixed surface mounted and embedded sensors have been included in the review.
ISSN:0094-243X
1551-7616
DOI:10.1063/5.0096140