Breeding forms of plants of the genus Allium L. obtained using induced apomixis

• Main Authors: Romanov, V. S., Romanova, O. V., Pivovarov, V. F., Soldatenko, A. V.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Subjects: Embryos; In vitro methods and tests; Onions; Plant reproduction; Plants (botany); Pollen; Pollinators; Seeds
• ISSN: 0094-243X; 1551-7616
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0140266

Shortening the time for the creation of the source material in breeding of agricultural crops is relevant. In this regard, in their research, scientists use various methods to induce haploidy in plants. Onion (Allium cepa L.) crosses with perennial alliums were carried out in order to transfer valuable traits from wild species allium to onions, in particular, resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora destructor (Caps.) Berk.). Induced irregular apomixis can be used to accelerate the production of constant forms of interspecific hybrids Allium. As a material for research, plant samples of perennial forms of interspecific hybrids (F3-5 from BC1-BC2, F4-5) were used Allium cepa L.×A. vavilovii M.Pop et Vved., A. cepa×A. altaicum Pall., A. cepa×A. fistulosum L., as well as onion varieties: Myachkovsky 300, Odintsovets, Zolotnichok, Danilovsky 301, as a maternal component of crosses. Plants A. odorum L. and A. nutans L. were pollinators. The plants were taken from the UNU “Genetic collection of plant resources of VNIISSOK”. The reaction of interspecific hybrids of different crossing combinations to the pollination of A. odorum L. and A. nutans L. was ambiguous. Plants of the hybrid combination A. cepa×A. fistulosum were more responsive to the effects of A. odorum L. pollen. The seed tying, depending on the form of the pollinator, was 0.04-4.80%. In onion varieties, the seed setting also varied by variety and depended on the form of the pollinator. The best indicators were observed in the Odintsovets variety – 0.40-3.40%. In the onion variety Myachkovsky 300, seed tying was not observed. When pollinated with pollen A. nutans L. underdeveloped of seeds were formed. Using the in vitro embryo culture method, plants of interspecific hybrids BC1(F5(A. cepa×A. fistulosum)×A. cepa) and onion varieties Odintsovets, Danilovsky 301 were obtained. Based on the results of the crosses, the forms of A. odorum L. pollinating plants were identified, inducing the binding of seeds with embryos in plants of interspecific hybrids and onion varieties up to 4.8%. The method of obtaining onion regenerant plants in vitro culture was also modified. Plants grown by in vitro embryo rescue differed in a number of features from the original maternal forms, which made it possible to obtain plants with modified breeding characteristics