Advanced materials for prevention of calculus formation on enamel: A review

• Main Authors: Kumar, Anshul, Qanungo, Kushal
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abrasives; Bacteria; Fluorides; Ingredients; Semisolids; Surfactants; Teeth; Titanium dioxide; Toothpaste
• ISSN: 0094-243X; 1551-7616
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0142586

There are many naturally occurring bacteria in our mouth and these bacteria mix with our saliva forming plaque and subsequently hardens into calculus on the teeth surface. Calculus, also called tartar is the main cause of cavities and tooth decay. Prevention of calculus formation is an essential function of the brushing teeth using a toothpaste which forms an important part of human hygiene. Toothpaste is a semi-solid substance for eliminating plaque and other deposits from teeth. Toothpaste is produced by combining a variety of components like fluorides, active ingredients, antiplaque agents, whitening agents, surfactants, flavors, coloring and abrasives. Toothpaste needs a specific level of abrasive to be successful in removing and controlling stains on teeth. Anti-calculus toothpaste carries some sort of fluoride which act as an anti-cavity ingredient. Introducing fluoride in toothpaste was the single most important cause of the enormous decrease in dental cavities witnessed in many countries. The active ingredients olafur and SnF2 in toothpaste inhibits the development of bacterial populations prevalent in plaque. Surfactants plays an important role in dispersion of paste. The majority of firms want a white-colored paste that is mixed with different color stripes. Titanium (IV)oxide or titania is used to get the desired whiteness. This review attempts to examine the relevant studies on the role of different chemicals used in the toothpaste with an aim to better understand and improve their modes of action in toothpastes.