Comparing options of BECCS in Indonesia using energy system modelling

• Main Authors: Raksajati, Anggit, Sutrisno, Zefania P., Meiritza, Attaya A.
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bagasse; Biomass; Biomass energy; Calorific value; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide concentration; Carbon sequestration; Coal-fired power plants; Electricity pricing; Emission; Flue gas; Industrial plant emissions; Power plants; Sensitivity analysis; Waste to energy
• ISSN: 0094-243X; 1551-7616
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0194372

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is expected to contribute 8% of Indonesia’s electricity generation by 2050. However, there is a lack of study assessing BECCS in Indonesia. This study aims to provide key insights for preliminary assessment of BECCS options by varying the biomass type, power generation capacity, and firing mode. The 6 cases studied are bagasse, palm kernel shell, rice straw, empty fruit bunch, refuse derived fuel (firing, co-firing). Simple levelized cost of electricity (sLCOE) is evaluated, with findings that the dominant factors for sLCOE reduction are capacity and flue gas CO2 composition. BECCS in Indonesia is preferrable for plant with capacity above 20 MW and CO2 concentration above 12.1%. Biomass with calorific value less than 23.14 MJ/kg is not suitable for BECCS. Since biomass power plant is carbon neutral, BECCS can be an option of negative emission technology by further capturing the emission that is by default released to be absorbed by the initial biomass plant. Sensitivity analysis for finding the appropriate carbon tax policy is further divided into 2 analyses based on the definition of the breakeven point of the carbon price. First, the breakeven point can be considered as the carbon price that can make biomass power plant (without CCS) becomes competitive compared to conventional coal power plant. The first definition shows that DPP factor needs to be at least 0.5 to push for biomass PP with reasonable carbon price at 69.93 USD/ton CO2 for both SCB and RS, and 13.99 USD/ton CO2 for PKS. Pushing further to DPP factor of 0 will result in lower carbon price for the three cases in the range of 5.59-28.67 USD/ton CO2. Second, another sensitivity analysis can be performed to obtain biomass PP sLCOE to be equal to BECCS sLCOE by finding the minimum carbon price that can be a revenue for BECCS (hence reducing BECCS sLCOE). It is found that the minimum carbon price should be in the range of 42 – 46 USD/ton CO2.