Analysis of hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles - A detailed study of cutting edge technology

• Main Authors: Messaoudi, Mustapha, Ramajeyam, Sivanand, Otero-Potosi, Santiago A., Caiza-Quishpe, Luis, Dixit, Chandra Kumar, Singh, Durgesh Pratap
• Format: Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Subjects: Control equipment; Design optimization; Electric potential; Electric power grids; Electric vehicle charging; Electric vehicles; Electricity; Electricity distribution; Energy consumption; Energy management; Fuel cells; Hybrid electric vehicles; Power management; Powertrain; Storage systems; Traffic control; Traffic information; User experience; Vehicle-to-grid; Wireless power transmission
• ISSN: 0094-243X; 1551-7616
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0218202

Vehicles that run entirely on electricity or on a hybrid of electricity are potential options for the preservation of fossil fuel and mitigation of pollution, as well as for a secure environment and long-term mobility. For these energy-efficient powertrains to be designed, improvement of elements, systems, and controls must be carried out. Battery maintenance, energy consumption, driver efficiency, demand pollutants, and strategic intent are all aspects that are controlled. Powertrain design, transmission type, power semiconductor converters, and storage systems are all considered in the equipment optimization procedure. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive summary of the numerous features of electric vehicles (EVs), as well as all the accompanying growing difficulties and viewpoints. In this connection, the fundamental kinds of electric vehicles (EVs) as well as the accompanying charging systems are discussed. Because electric vehicles are a crucial element of future smart electrical grids, difficulties related to connecting EVs to the grid, as well as sophisticated recharging procedures (such as wireless power transmission), are being investigated. In order to do this, the primary characteristics and needs of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) connections, as well as potential advances and electrified settings, are given and discussed. In addition, integration concerns with recently implemented fifth-generation (5G) small cell networks are discussed in order to achieve optimal transmitter and receiver conditions in V2G communications as well as an enhanced user experience for the end user. Since efficient information administration from numerous distinct sources is necessary to provide enhanced traffic control elements, this integration is being extended to autonomous vehicles (AVs) technology (self-driving objects). All of these considerations are addressed and discussed in detail in this overview. The major obstacles and technological trends for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are also covered. Aside from that, challenges in the present study are reviewed, and recommendations for future progress of the technique are made. This article serves as a resource for professionals engaged in the field of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) offering evaluation of current research, addressing challenges, and exploring the various aspects that researchers should consider in the realm of EVs and HEVs.