Modeling the voice source in terms of spectral slopesa

• Published in: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2016-03, Vol.139 (3), p.1404-1410
• Main Authors: Garellek, Marc, Samlan, Robin, Gerratt, Bruce R., Kreiman, Jody
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0001-4966; 1520-8524
• DOI: 10.1121/1.4944474

A psychoacoustic model of the voice source spectrum is proposed. The model is characterized by four spectral slope parameters: the difference in amplitude between the first two harmonics (H1–H2), the second and fourth harmonics (H2–H4), the fourth harmonic and the harmonic nearest 2 kHz in frequency (H4–2 kHz), and the harmonic nearest 2 kHz and that nearest 5 kHz (2 kHz–5 kHz). As a step toward model validation, experiments were conducted to establish the acoustic and perceptual independence of these parameters. In experiment 1, the model was fit to a large number of voice sources. Results showed that parameters are predictable from one another, but that these relationships are due to overall spectral roll-off. Two additional experiments addressed the perceptual independence of the source parameters. Listener sensitivity to H1–H2, H2–H4, and H4–2 kHz did not change as a function of the slope of an adjacent component, suggesting that sensitivity to these components is robust. Listener sensitivity to changes in spectral slope from 2 kHz to 5 kHz depended on complex interactions between spectral slope, spectral noise levels, and H4–2 kHz. It is concluded that the four parameters represent non-redundant acoustic and perceptual aspects of voice quality.