An overview of the history of wind turbine development: Part I—The early wind turbines until the 1960s

• Published in: Wind Engineering 2022-12, Vol.46 (6), p.1973-2004
• Main Authors: Gipe, Paul, Möllerström, Erik
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: wind turbine design; Wind turbine history; wind-electric generators
• ISSN: 0309-524X; 2048-402X; 2048-402X
• DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221117825

We review the development of wind turbines for generating electricity from the late 19th century to the present, summarizing some key characteristics. We trace the move from two to four blade wind turbines to the three blades common today. We establish that it was not the governmental-funded wind programs with its large-scale prototypes of the 1970–80s that developed into the commercial turbines of today. Instead it was the small-scale Danish wind turbines, developed for an agricultural market, that developed into the commercial turbines of today. And we show that much of what we know today about wind turbine design was known by the 1930s and certainly well known by the late 1950s. This work is divided into two parts: the first part takes up the development from the first electricity producing wind turbines through to the 1960s and a second part on development from the 1970s onward.