Symbol-Level and Multicast Precoding for Multiuser Multiantenna Downlink: A State-of-the-Art, Classification, and Challenges

Precoding has been conventionally considered as an effective means of mitigating or exploiting the interference in the multiantenna downlink channel, where multiple users are simultaneously served with independent information over the same channel resources. The early works in this area were focused...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials 2018-01, Vol.20 (3), p.1733-1757
Main Authors: Alodeh, Maha, Spano, Danilo, Kalantari, Ashkan, Tsinos, Christos G., Christopoulos, Dimitrios, Chatzinotas, Symeon, Ottersten, Bjorn
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Beamforming
block-level precoding
broadcast
channel state information
Classification
Data transmission
Directional modulation
Interference
Measurement
Multicast
multiuser MISO
Precoding
Quality of service
Receivers
Switches
symbol-level precoding
Unicast
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Summary:Precoding has been conventionally considered as an effective means of mitigating or exploiting the interference in the multiantenna downlink channel, where multiple users are simultaneously served with independent information over the same channel resources. The early works in this area were focused on transmitting an individual information stream to each user by constructing weighted linear combinations of symbol blocks (codewords). However, more recent works have moved beyond this traditional view by: 1) transmitting distinct data streams to groups of users and 2) applying precoding on a symbol-per-symbol basis. In this context, the current survey presents a unified view and classification of precoding techniques with respect to two main axes: 1) the switching rate of the precoding weights, leading to the classes of block-level and symbol-level precoding and 2) the number of users that each stream is addressed to, hence unicast, multicast, and broadcast precoding. Furthermore, the classified techniques are compared through representative numerical results to demonstrate their relative performance and uncover fundamental insights. Finally, a list of open theoretical problems and practical challenges are presented to inspire further research in this area 1 . 1 The concepts of precoding and beamforming are used interchangeably throughout this paper.
ISSN:1553-877X
1553-877X
2373-745X
DOI:10.1109/COMST.2018.2837001