The chemistry of trace elements in surface geothermal waters and steam, Iceland

The geochemistry of trace elements in surface geothermal fluids in Iceland was studied. The sampled fluids included hot springs, mud pots, steam vents and soil solutions with temperatures ranging from 4 to 100°C, pH between 2.01 and 9.10 and total dissolved solids between 86 and 4375ppm. The surface...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemical geology 2012-11, Vol.330-331, p.60-85
Main Authors: Kaasalainen, Hanna, Stefánsson, Andri
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aluminum
aquifers
arsenic
barium
boiling
cadmium
carbonates
chromium
cobalt
condensation
copper
geochemistry
Geothermal water
hot springs
iron
leaching
lead
manganese
minerals
molybdenum
nickel
silicates
sodium chloride
soil
Steam
strontium
sulfates
sulfides
surface water
temperature
total dissolved solids
Trace elements
zinc
zirconium
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Summary:The geochemistry of trace elements in surface geothermal fluids in Iceland was studied. The sampled fluids included hot springs, mud pots, steam vents and soil solutions with temperatures ranging from 4 to 100°C, pH between 2.01 and 9.10 and total dissolved solids between 86 and 4375ppm. The surface geothermal waters may be categorized into three groups based on their chemical composition, namely NaCl waters, steam-heated acid-sulfate waters and mixed waters. NaCl waters with pH >8 are considered to represent aquifer geothermal fluids that have undergone boiling in the upflow. They contained only low concentrations of most metals,
ISSN:0009-2541
1872-6836
1872-6836
DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.08.019