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Ionospheric Response Observed by EISCAT During the 6–8 September 2017 Space Weather Event: Overview
We present ionospheric plasma conditions observed by the EISCAT radars in Tromsø and on Svalbard, covering 68°–81° geomagnetic latitude, during 6–8 September 2017. This is a period when X2.2 and X9.3 X‐ray flares occurred, two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) arrived at the Earth accomp...
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| Published in: | Space weather 2018-09, Vol.16 (9), p.1437-1450 |
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| creator | Yamauchi, M. Sergienko, T. Enell, C.‐F. Schillings, A. Slapak, R. Johnsen, M. G. Tjulin, A. Nilsson, H. |
| description | We present ionospheric plasma conditions observed by the EISCAT radars in Tromsø and on Svalbard, covering 68°–81° geomagnetic latitude, during 6–8 September 2017. This is a period when X2.2 and X9.3 X‐ray flares occurred, two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) arrived at the Earth accompanied by enhancements of MeV‐range energetic particle flux in both the solar wind (SEP event) and inner magnetosphere, and an AL |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2018SW001937 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_swepu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_swepub_primary_oai_DiVA_org_ltu_71230</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2120015208</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4055-3697368f64988d859fd6dbb954033965357e89a2a87a70e5b3f95917e7796d6a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp90c1O20AQB3CrAql89NZ7V-LalNld7xe3KKRtJKRIGJrjam2PYVHwurt2otx4h75hnwRXQZQTp5nDT_PXzGTZZwrfKDBzzoDqYgVADVcfsiMqcjZR3MDBm_5jdpzSAwDLBcuPMlyENqTuHqOvyDWmLrQJybJMGDdYk3JH5otiNr0hl0P07R3p75HIv09_NCmw6_GxxEjGWEWKzlVIVuhGEcl8g21_QZabcYzH7Wl22Lh1wk8v9SS7_T6_mf2cXC1_LGbTq0mVgxATLo3iUjcyN1rXWpimlnVZGpED50YKLhRq45jTyilAUfLGCEMVKmVkLR0_yb7u56YtdkNpu-gfXdzZ4Ly99L-mNsQ7u-4HqyjjMPIve15Fn3rf2jZEZykAV5bmuZSjONuLLobfA6bePoQhtuMOllE2Xlow0P9jqxhSiti8BlOw_z5j335m5GzPt36Nu3etLVZzBkoI_gzfm4t8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2120015208</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Ionospheric Response Observed by EISCAT During the 6–8 September 2017 Space Weather Event: Overview</title><source>NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Yamauchi, M. ; Sergienko, T. ; Enell, C.‐F. ; Schillings, A. ; Slapak, R. ; Johnsen, M. G. ; Tjulin, A. ; Nilsson, H.</creator><creatorcontrib>Yamauchi, M. ; Sergienko, T. ; Enell, C.‐F. ; Schillings, A. ; Slapak, R. ; Johnsen, M. G. ; Tjulin, A. ; Nilsson, H.</creatorcontrib><description>We present ionospheric plasma conditions observed by the EISCAT radars in Tromsø and on Svalbard, covering 68°–81° geomagnetic latitude, during 6–8 September 2017. This is a period when X2.2 and X9.3 X‐ray flares occurred, two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) arrived at the Earth accompanied by enhancements of MeV‐range energetic particle flux in both the solar wind (SEP event) and inner magnetosphere, and an AL < −2,000 substorm took place. (1) Both X flares caused enhancement of ionospheric electron density for about 10 min. The X9.3 flare also increased temperatures of both electrons and ions over 69°–75° geomagnetic latitude until the X‐ray flux decreased below the level of X‐class flares. However, the temperature was not enhanced after the previous X2.2 flare in the prenoon sector. (2) At around 75° geomagnetic latitude, the prenoon ion upflow flux slightly increased the day after the X9.3 flare, which is also after the first ICME and a SEP event, while no outstanding enhancement was found at the time of these X flares. (3) The upflow velocity sometimes decreased when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turned southward. (4) Before the first ICME arrival after the SEP event under weak IMF with Bz ~0 nT, a substorm‐like expansion of the auroral arc signature took place without local geomagnetic signature near local midnight, while no notable change was observed after the ICME arrival. (5) AL reached <−2,000 nT only after the arrival of the second ICME with strongly southward IMF. Causality connections between the solar/solar wind event and the ionospheric responses remain unclear.
Key Points
The X9.3 flare on 6 September 2017 triggered enhancements of ionospheric electron density and temperature but not ion upflow immediately
Prenoon ion upflow at 400 km altitude increased over 6–8 September 2017, but its cause can be SEP event rather than CME or X flare
Substorm‐like auroral breakup was observed without notable geomagnetic signature when the interplanetary magnetic field was very weak</description><identifier>ISSN: 1542-7390</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1539-4964</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1542-7390</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2018SW001937</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Astrofysikk, astronomi: 438 ; Astrophysics, astronomy: 438 ; Atmosfärsvetenskap ; Atmospheric Science ; Coronal mass ejection ; EISCAT ; Electron density ; Energetic particles ; Flares ; Fluctuations ; Flux ; Fysikk: 430 ; Geomagnetic latitude ; Geomagnetism ; ICME ; Interplanetary magnetic field ; ion outflow ; Ionospheric electron density ; Ionospheric electrons ; Ionospheric plasma ; Latitude ; Magnetic fields ; Magnetosphere ; Magnetospheres ; Magnetospheric substorms ; Magnetospheric-solar wind relationships ; Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 ; Mathematics and natural science: 400 ; Physics: 430 ; SEP ; September 2017 event ; Solar corona ; Solar wind ; Space weather ; VDP ; X flare ; X-ray fluxes</subject><ispartof>Space weather, 2018-09, Vol.16 (9), p.1437-1450</ispartof><rights>2018. The Authors.</rights><rights>2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4055-3697368f64988d859fd6dbb954033965357e89a2a87a70e5b3f95917e7796d6a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4055-3697368f64988d859fd6dbb954033965357e89a2a87a70e5b3f95917e7796d6a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4515-2174 ; 0000-0003-3810-2937 ; 0000-0001-7065-9087 ; 0000-0003-1006-2822 ; 0000-0002-7787-2160</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,26566,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71230$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yamauchi, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sergienko, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enell, C.‐F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schillings, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slapak, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnsen, M. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tjulin, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nilsson, H.</creatorcontrib><title>Ionospheric Response Observed by EISCAT During the 6–8 September 2017 Space Weather Event: Overview</title><title>Space weather</title><description>We present ionospheric plasma conditions observed by the EISCAT radars in Tromsø and on Svalbard, covering 68°–81° geomagnetic latitude, during 6–8 September 2017. This is a period when X2.2 and X9.3 X‐ray flares occurred, two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) arrived at the Earth accompanied by enhancements of MeV‐range energetic particle flux in both the solar wind (SEP event) and inner magnetosphere, and an AL < −2,000 substorm took place. (1) Both X flares caused enhancement of ionospheric electron density for about 10 min. The X9.3 flare also increased temperatures of both electrons and ions over 69°–75° geomagnetic latitude until the X‐ray flux decreased below the level of X‐class flares. However, the temperature was not enhanced after the previous X2.2 flare in the prenoon sector. (2) At around 75° geomagnetic latitude, the prenoon ion upflow flux slightly increased the day after the X9.3 flare, which is also after the first ICME and a SEP event, while no outstanding enhancement was found at the time of these X flares. (3) The upflow velocity sometimes decreased when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turned southward. (4) Before the first ICME arrival after the SEP event under weak IMF with Bz ~0 nT, a substorm‐like expansion of the auroral arc signature took place without local geomagnetic signature near local midnight, while no notable change was observed after the ICME arrival. (5) AL reached <−2,000 nT only after the arrival of the second ICME with strongly southward IMF. Causality connections between the solar/solar wind event and the ionospheric responses remain unclear.
Key Points
The X9.3 flare on 6 September 2017 triggered enhancements of ionospheric electron density and temperature but not ion upflow immediately
Prenoon ion upflow at 400 km altitude increased over 6–8 September 2017, but its cause can be SEP event rather than CME or X flare
Substorm‐like auroral breakup was observed without notable geomagnetic signature when the interplanetary magnetic field was very weak</description><subject>Astrofysikk, astronomi: 438</subject><subject>Astrophysics, astronomy: 438</subject><subject>Atmosfärsvetenskap</subject><subject>Atmospheric Science</subject><subject>Coronal mass ejection</subject><subject>EISCAT</subject><subject>Electron density</subject><subject>Energetic particles</subject><subject>Flares</subject><subject>Fluctuations</subject><subject>Flux</subject><subject>Fysikk: 430</subject><subject>Geomagnetic latitude</subject><subject>Geomagnetism</subject><subject>ICME</subject><subject>Interplanetary magnetic field</subject><subject>ion outflow</subject><subject>Ionospheric electron density</subject><subject>Ionospheric electrons</subject><subject>Ionospheric plasma</subject><subject>Latitude</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Magnetosphere</subject><subject>Magnetospheres</subject><subject>Magnetospheric substorms</subject><subject>Magnetospheric-solar wind relationships</subject><subject>Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400</subject><subject>Mathematics and natural science: 400</subject><subject>Physics: 430</subject><subject>SEP</subject><subject>September 2017 event</subject><subject>Solar corona</subject><subject>Solar wind</subject><subject>Space weather</subject><subject>VDP</subject><subject>X flare</subject><subject>X-ray fluxes</subject><issn>1542-7390</issn><issn>1539-4964</issn><issn>1542-7390</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>3HK</sourceid><recordid>eNp90c1O20AQB3CrAql89NZ7V-LalNld7xe3KKRtJKRIGJrjam2PYVHwurt2otx4h75hnwRXQZQTp5nDT_PXzGTZZwrfKDBzzoDqYgVADVcfsiMqcjZR3MDBm_5jdpzSAwDLBcuPMlyENqTuHqOvyDWmLrQJybJMGDdYk3JH5otiNr0hl0P07R3p75HIv09_NCmw6_GxxEjGWEWKzlVIVuhGEcl8g21_QZabcYzH7Wl22Lh1wk8v9SS7_T6_mf2cXC1_LGbTq0mVgxATLo3iUjcyN1rXWpimlnVZGpED50YKLhRq45jTyilAUfLGCEMVKmVkLR0_yb7u56YtdkNpu-gfXdzZ4Ly99L-mNsQ7u-4HqyjjMPIve15Fn3rf2jZEZykAV5bmuZSjONuLLobfA6bePoQhtuMOllE2Xlow0P9jqxhSiti8BlOw_z5j335m5GzPt36Nu3etLVZzBkoI_gzfm4t8</recordid><startdate>201809</startdate><enddate>201809</enddate><creator>Yamauchi, M.</creator><creator>Sergienko, T.</creator><creator>Enell, C.‐F.</creator><creator>Schillings, A.</creator><creator>Slapak, R.</creator><creator>Johnsen, M. G.</creator><creator>Tjulin, A.</creator><creator>Nilsson, H.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>3HK</scope><scope>ADTPV</scope><scope>AOWAS</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-2174</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-2937</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-9087</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-2822</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-2160</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201809</creationdate><title>Ionospheric Response Observed by EISCAT During the 6–8 September 2017 Space Weather Event: Overview</title><author>Yamauchi, M. ; Sergienko, T. ; Enell, C.‐F. ; Schillings, A. ; Slapak, R. ; Johnsen, M. G. ; Tjulin, A. ; Nilsson, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4055-3697368f64988d859fd6dbb954033965357e89a2a87a70e5b3f95917e7796d6a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Astrofysikk, astronomi: 438</topic><topic>Astrophysics, astronomy: 438</topic><topic>Atmosfärsvetenskap</topic><topic>Atmospheric Science</topic><topic>Coronal mass ejection</topic><topic>EISCAT</topic><topic>Electron density</topic><topic>Energetic particles</topic><topic>Flares</topic><topic>Fluctuations</topic><topic>Flux</topic><topic>Fysikk: 430</topic><topic>Geomagnetic latitude</topic><topic>Geomagnetism</topic><topic>ICME</topic><topic>Interplanetary magnetic field</topic><topic>ion outflow</topic><topic>Ionospheric electron density</topic><topic>Ionospheric electrons</topic><topic>Ionospheric plasma</topic><topic>Latitude</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Magnetosphere</topic><topic>Magnetospheres</topic><topic>Magnetospheric substorms</topic><topic>Magnetospheric-solar wind relationships</topic><topic>Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400</topic><topic>Mathematics and natural science: 400</topic><topic>Physics: 430</topic><topic>SEP</topic><topic>September 2017 event</topic><topic>Solar corona</topic><topic>Solar wind</topic><topic>Space weather</topic><topic>VDP</topic><topic>X flare</topic><topic>X-ray fluxes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yamauchi, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sergienko, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enell, C.‐F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schillings, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slapak, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnsen, M. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tjulin, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nilsson, H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><jtitle>Space weather</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yamauchi, M.</au><au>Sergienko, T.</au><au>Enell, C.‐F.</au><au>Schillings, A.</au><au>Slapak, R.</au><au>Johnsen, M. G.</au><au>Tjulin, A.</au><au>Nilsson, H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ionospheric Response Observed by EISCAT During the 6–8 September 2017 Space Weather Event: Overview</atitle><jtitle>Space weather</jtitle><date>2018-09</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1437</spage><epage>1450</epage><pages>1437-1450</pages><issn>1542-7390</issn><issn>1539-4964</issn><eissn>1542-7390</eissn><abstract>We present ionospheric plasma conditions observed by the EISCAT radars in Tromsø and on Svalbard, covering 68°–81° geomagnetic latitude, during 6–8 September 2017. This is a period when X2.2 and X9.3 X‐ray flares occurred, two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) arrived at the Earth accompanied by enhancements of MeV‐range energetic particle flux in both the solar wind (SEP event) and inner magnetosphere, and an AL < −2,000 substorm took place. (1) Both X flares caused enhancement of ionospheric electron density for about 10 min. The X9.3 flare also increased temperatures of both electrons and ions over 69°–75° geomagnetic latitude until the X‐ray flux decreased below the level of X‐class flares. However, the temperature was not enhanced after the previous X2.2 flare in the prenoon sector. (2) At around 75° geomagnetic latitude, the prenoon ion upflow flux slightly increased the day after the X9.3 flare, which is also after the first ICME and a SEP event, while no outstanding enhancement was found at the time of these X flares. (3) The upflow velocity sometimes decreased when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turned southward. (4) Before the first ICME arrival after the SEP event under weak IMF with Bz ~0 nT, a substorm‐like expansion of the auroral arc signature took place without local geomagnetic signature near local midnight, while no notable change was observed after the ICME arrival. (5) AL reached <−2,000 nT only after the arrival of the second ICME with strongly southward IMF. Causality connections between the solar/solar wind event and the ionospheric responses remain unclear.
Key Points
The X9.3 flare on 6 September 2017 triggered enhancements of ionospheric electron density and temperature but not ion upflow immediately
Prenoon ion upflow at 400 km altitude increased over 6–8 September 2017, but its cause can be SEP event rather than CME or X flare
Substorm‐like auroral breakup was observed without notable geomagnetic signature when the interplanetary magnetic field was very weak</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2018SW001937</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-2174</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-2937</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-9087</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-2822</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-2160</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Astrofysikk, astronomi: 438 Astrophysics, astronomy: 438 Atmosfärsvetenskap Atmospheric Science Coronal mass ejection EISCAT Electron density Energetic particles Flares Fluctuations Flux Fysikk: 430 Geomagnetic latitude Geomagnetism ICME Interplanetary magnetic field ion outflow Ionospheric electron density Ionospheric electrons Ionospheric plasma Latitude Magnetic fields Magnetosphere Magnetospheres Magnetospheric substorms Magnetospheric-solar wind relationships Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Mathematics and natural science: 400 Physics: 430 SEP September 2017 event Solar corona Solar wind Space weather VDP X flare X-ray fluxes |
| title | Ionospheric Response Observed by EISCAT During the 6–8 September 2017 Space Weather Event: Overview |
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