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Relationships between Heart Rate Variability, Sleep Duration, Cortisol and Physical Training in Young Athletes

The aims of the current study were to examine the relationships between heart rate variability (HRV), salivary cortisol, sleep duration and training in young athletes. Eight athletes (16 ± 1 years) were monitored for 7 weeks during training and competition seasons. Subjects were training for enduran...

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Published in:Journal of sports science & medicine 2021-12, Vol.20 (4), p.778-788
Main Authors: Mishica, Christina, Kyröläinen, Heikki, Hynynen, Esa, Nummela, Ari, Holmberg, Hans-Christer, Linnamo, Vesa
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description The aims of the current study were to examine the relationships between heart rate variability (HRV), salivary cortisol, sleep duration and training in young athletes. Eight athletes (16 ± 1 years) were monitored for 7 weeks during training and competition seasons. Subjects were training for endurance-based winter sports (cross-country skiing and biathlon). Training was divided into two zones (K1, easy training and K2, hard training). Heart rate and blood lactate during submaximal running tests (SRT), as well as cortisol, sleep duration and nocturnal HRV (RMSSD), were determined every other week. HRV and cortisol levels were correlated throughout the 7-week period (r = -0.552, P = 0.01), with the strongest correlation during week 7 (r = -0.879, P = 0.01). The relative changes in K1 and HRV showed a positive correlation from weeks 1-3 (r = 0.863, P = 0.006) and a negative correlation during weeks 3-5 (r = -0.760, P = 0.029). The relative change in sleep during weeks 1-3 were negatively correlated with cortisol (r = -0.762, P = 0.028) and K2 (r = -0.762, P = 0.028). In conclusion, HRV appears to reflect the recovery of young athletes during high loads of physical and/or physiological stress. Cortisol levels also reflected this recovery, but significant change required a longer period than HRV, suggesting that cortisol may be less sensitive to stress than HRV. Moreover, our results indicated that during the competition season, recovery for young endurance athletes increased in duration and additional sleep may be beneficial.
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Eight athletes (16 ± 1 years) were monitored for 7 weeks during training and competition seasons. Subjects were training for endurance-based winter sports (cross-country skiing and biathlon). Training was divided into two zones (K1, easy training and K2, hard training). Heart rate and blood lactate during submaximal running tests (SRT), as well as cortisol, sleep duration and nocturnal HRV (RMSSD), were determined every other week. HRV and cortisol levels were correlated throughout the 7-week period (r = -0.552, P = 0.01), with the strongest correlation during week 7 (r = -0.879, P = 0.01). The relative changes in K1 and HRV showed a positive correlation from weeks 1-3 (r = 0.863, P = 0.006) and a negative correlation during weeks 3-5 (r = -0.760, P = 0.029). The relative change in sleep during weeks 1-3 were negatively correlated with cortisol (r = -0.762, P = 0.028) and K2 (r = -0.762, P = 0.028). In conclusion, HRV appears to reflect the recovery of young athletes during high loads of physical and/or physiological stress. Cortisol levels also reflected this recovery, but significant change required a longer period than HRV, suggesting that cortisol may be less sensitive to stress than HRV. 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medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Sports Sci Med</addtitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>778</spage><epage>788</epage><pages>778-788</pages><issn>1303-2968</issn><eissn>1303-2968</eissn><abstract>The aims of the current study were to examine the relationships between heart rate variability (HRV), salivary cortisol, sleep duration and training in young athletes. 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subjects Athletes
autonomic nervous system
Biathlon
Centre - Swedish Sports Technology and Performance Research Centre (SPORTC)
Centrumbildning - Swedish Sports Technology and Performance Research Centre (SPORTC)
Endurance
endurance training
Fysioterapi
Health aspects
Heart beat
Heart rate
Heart Rate - physiology
Hormones
Humans
Hydrocortisone
individual adaptations
Investigations
Nervous system
Physiological aspects
physiological stress
Physiology
Physiotherapy
Recovery
Running - physiology
Sleep
Sports training
submaximal tests
Teenage athletes
Training
title Relationships between Heart Rate Variability, Sleep Duration, Cortisol and Physical Training in Young Athletes
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