Design and Development of a Battery Powered Electrofusion Welding System for Optical Fiber Microducts

• Published in: IEEE access 2020, Vol.8, p.173024-173043
• Main Authors: Akram, Shazad, Siden, Johan, Duan, Jiatong, Alam, Muhammad Farhan, Bertilsson, Kent
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Batteries; Capacitor banks; electro-thermal analogy; Electrofusion welding; Freezing; Heating systems; high density polyethylene; High density polyethylenes; IP68; Leakage; Lithium-ion batteries; low density polyethylene; LTspice thermal modeling; Ohmic dissipation; Optical fiber cables; Optical fiber microduct; Optical fibers; Polyethylene; Prototypes; Resistance heating; Structural damage; Thermoelectricity; Time dependence; Water damage; Welded joints; Welding; Wires
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3025355

At present, optical fiber microducts are coupled together by mechanical types of joints. Mechanical joints are thick, require a large space, and reduce the installation distance in multi-microduct installation. They may leak or explode in the blown fiber installation process. Mechanical joints are subjected to time dependent deterioration under long service times beneath the earth's surface. It may start with a small leakage, followed by damage due to water freezing inside the optical fiber microduct. Optical fiber microducts are made up of high-density polyethylene, which is considered most suitable for thermoelectric welding. For thermoelectric welding of two optical fiber microducts, the welding time should be one second, and should not cause any damage to the inner structure of the microducts that are being coupled. To fulfill these requirements, an LTspice simulation model for the welding system was developed and validated. The developed LTspice model has two parts. The first part models the power input to joule heating wire and the second part models the heat propagation inside the different layers of the optical fiber microduct and surrounding joint by using electro-thermal analogy. In order to validate the simulation results, a battery powered prototype welding system was developed and tested. The prototype welding system consists of a custom-built electrofusion joint and a controller board. A 40 volt 4 ampere-hour Li-Ion battery was used to power the complete system. The power drawn from the battery was controlled by charging and discharging of a capacitor bank, which makes sure that the battery is not overloaded. After successful welding, a pull strength test and an air pressure leakage test were performed to ensure that the welded joints met the requirements set by the mechanical joints. The results show that this new kind of joint and welding system can effectively replace mechanical joints in future optical fiber duct installations.