The Neoarchean GT-34 Ni deposit, Carajás mineral Province, Brazil: An atypical IOCG-related Ni sulfide mineralization

• Published in: Ore geology reviews 2020-12, Vol.127, p.103773, Article 103773
• Main Authors: Garcia, Victor B., Emilia Schutesky, Maria, Oliveira, Claudinei G., Whitehouse, Martin J., Huhn, Sergio R.B., Augustin, Claudia T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carajás; Den föränderliga jorden; hydrothermal Ni sulfide deposit; IOCG; Orthopyroxene-scapolite alteration; The changing Earth
• ISSN: 0169-1368; 1872-7360; 1872-7360
• DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103773

[Display omitted] •Orthopyroxene-scapolite bearing metasomatic alteration.•Neoarchean hydrothermal Ni-sulfide mineralization within the Carajás IOCG system.•GT-34 may link hydrothermal IOCG and orthomagmatic Ni deposits.•The hottest and deepest IOCG-related metasomatic alteration known so far. The GT-34 deposit, located 12 km to the SW of the Sossego copper–gold mine in the Carajás Province, northern Brazil, represents an unusual Ni sulfide mineralization. The deposit occurs along a NE-SW-trending sub-vertical shear zone marked by progressive Mg-alkalic alteration zones, predominantly hosted in granitic and locally in granodioritic to tonalitic orthogneisses. Initial alteration zones result in unique scapolite-orthopyroxene assemblage, which is partially preserved within pervasive hornblende-chlorapatite ± plagioclase replacement zones. Nickel mineralization occurs mainly as matrix-supported breccias characterized by a pentlandite-pyrrhotite-rich matrix and rounded fragments chiefly of hornblende and chlorapatite. Irregular stockworks and net textured veins containing chalcopyrite-pentlandite are less common. Phlogopite ± talc ± actinolite alteration and late-stage veinlets crosscut the previous alteration zones and the mineralization. The phlogopite ± talc ± actinolite alteration occurs as irregular veins and chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite-magnetite are commonly observed where such alteration intersects the Ni mineralization. Late-stage veinlets are represented by K feldspar-epidote-chlorite-calcite and quartz-albite-chlorite-calcite-epidote veins, both containing minor amounts of millerite, pyrite and F-OH-apatite. High-resolution SIMS U-Pb zircon geochronology obtained for the GT-34 deposit revealed an age of 2828 ± 4 Ma for zircon grains inherited from the host orthogneisses. The timing of the mineralization altered zircon grains from the scapolite-orthopyroxene and phlogopite ± talc ± actinolite alteration zones, is attributed to an age interval between 2751 and 2720 Ma. Although poorly constrained, the geochronological data corroborate a Neoarchean age for the GT-34 Ni mineralization, similar to that of other IOCG deposits in the Carajás Province and coeval with the bimodal magmatism in the area. The atypical orthopyroxene-marialite mineral chemistry support a metasomatic crystallization at high temperatures (>700 °C), low aH2O (